protobuf/ruby/ext/google/protobuf_c/upb.c

// Amalgamated source file
#include "upb.h"
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2012 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 */


#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct {
  size_t len;
  char str[1];  // Null-terminated string data follows.
} str_t;

static str_t *newstr(const char *data, size_t len) {
  str_t *ret = malloc(sizeof(*ret) + len);
  if (!ret) return NULL;
  ret->len = len;
  memcpy(ret->str, data, len);
  ret->str[len] = '\0';
  return ret;
}

static void freestr(str_t *s) { free(s); }

// isalpha() etc. from <ctype.h> are locale-dependent, which we don't want.
static bool upb_isbetween(char c, char low, char high) {
  return c >= low && c <= high;
}

static bool upb_isletter(char c) {
  return upb_isbetween(c, 'A', 'Z') || upb_isbetween(c, 'a', 'z') || c == '_';
}

static bool upb_isalphanum(char c) {
  return upb_isletter(c) || upb_isbetween(c, '0', '9');
}

static bool upb_isident(const char *str, size_t len, bool full, upb_status *s) {
  bool start = true;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    char c = str[i];
    if (c == '.') {
      if (start || !full) {
        upb_status_seterrf(s, "invalid name: unexpected '.' (%s)", str);
        return false;
      }
      start = true;
    } else if (start) {
      if (!upb_isletter(c)) {
        upb_status_seterrf(
            s, "invalid name: path components must start with a letter (%s)",
            str);
        return false;
      }
      start = false;
    } else {
      if (!upb_isalphanum(c)) {
        upb_status_seterrf(s, "invalid name: non-alphanumeric character (%s)",
                           str);
        return false;
      }
    }
  }
  return !start;
}


/* upb_def ********************************************************************/

upb_deftype_t upb_def_type(const upb_def *d) { return d->type; }

const char *upb_def_fullname(const upb_def *d) { return d->fullname; }

bool upb_def_setfullname(upb_def *def, const char *fullname, upb_status *s) {
  assert(!upb_def_isfrozen(def));
  if (!upb_isident(fullname, strlen(fullname), true, s)) return false;
  free((void*)def->fullname);
  def->fullname = upb_strdup(fullname);
  return true;
}

upb_def *upb_def_dup(const upb_def *def, const void *o) {
  switch (def->type) {
    case UPB_DEF_MSG:
      return UPB_UPCAST(upb_msgdef_dup(upb_downcast_msgdef(def), o));
    case UPB_DEF_FIELD:
      return UPB_UPCAST(upb_fielddef_dup(upb_downcast_fielddef(def), o));
    case UPB_DEF_ENUM:
      return UPB_UPCAST(upb_enumdef_dup(upb_downcast_enumdef(def), o));
    default: assert(false); return NULL;
  }
}

bool upb_def_isfrozen(const upb_def *def) {
  return upb_refcounted_isfrozen(UPB_UPCAST(def));
}

void upb_def_ref(const upb_def *def, const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_ref(UPB_UPCAST(def), owner);
}

void upb_def_unref(const upb_def *def, const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_unref(UPB_UPCAST(def), owner);
}

void upb_def_donateref(const upb_def *def, const void *from, const void *to) {
  upb_refcounted_donateref(UPB_UPCAST(def), from, to);
}

void upb_def_checkref(const upb_def *def, const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_checkref(UPB_UPCAST(def), owner);
}

static bool upb_def_init(upb_def *def, upb_deftype_t type,
                         const struct upb_refcounted_vtbl *vtbl,
                         const void *owner) {
  if (!upb_refcounted_init(UPB_UPCAST(def), vtbl, owner)) return false;
  def->type = type;
  def->fullname = NULL;
  def->came_from_user = false;
  return true;
}

static void upb_def_uninit(upb_def *def) {
  free((void*)def->fullname);
}

static const char *msgdef_name(const upb_msgdef *m) {
  const char *name = upb_def_fullname(UPB_UPCAST(m));
  return name ? name : "(anonymous)";
}

static bool upb_validate_field(upb_fielddef *f, upb_status *s) {
  if (upb_fielddef_name(f) == NULL || upb_fielddef_number(f) == 0) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "fielddef must have name and number set");
    return false;
  }

  if (!f->type_is_set_) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "fielddef type was not initialized");
    return false;
  }

  if (upb_fielddef_lazy(f) &&
      upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f) != UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s,
                         "only length-delimited submessage fields may be lazy");
    return false;
  }

  if (upb_fielddef_hassubdef(f)) {
    if (f->subdef_is_symbolic) {
      upb_status_seterrf(s, "field '%s.%s' has not been resolved",
                         msgdef_name(f->msg.def), upb_fielddef_name(f));
      return false;
    }

    const upb_def *subdef = upb_fielddef_subdef(f);
    if (subdef == NULL) {
      upb_status_seterrf(s, "field %s.%s is missing required subdef",
                         msgdef_name(f->msg.def), upb_fielddef_name(f));
      return false;
    }

    if (!upb_def_isfrozen(subdef) && !subdef->came_from_user) {
      upb_status_seterrf(s,
                         "subdef of field %s.%s is not frozen or being frozen",
                         msgdef_name(f->msg.def), upb_fielddef_name(f));
      return false;
    }
  }

  if (upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
    bool has_default_name = upb_fielddef_enumhasdefaultstr(f);
    bool has_default_number = upb_fielddef_enumhasdefaultint32(f);

    // Previously verified by upb_validate_enumdef().
    assert(upb_enumdef_numvals(upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(f)) > 0);

    // We've already validated that we have an associated enumdef and that it
    // has at least one member, so at least one of these should be true.
    // Because if the user didn't set anything, we'll pick up the enum's
    // default, but if the user *did* set something we should at least pick up
    // the one they set (int32 or string).
    assert(has_default_name || has_default_number);

    if (!has_default_name) {
      upb_status_seterrf(s,
                         "enum default for field %s.%s (%d) is not in the enum",
                         msgdef_name(f->msg.def), upb_fielddef_name(f),
                         upb_fielddef_defaultint32(f));
      return false;
    }

    if (!has_default_number) {
      upb_status_seterrf(s,
                         "enum default for field %s.%s (%s) is not in the enum",
                         msgdef_name(f->msg.def), upb_fielddef_name(f),
                         upb_fielddef_defaultstr(f, NULL));
      return false;
    }

    // Lift the effective numeric default into the field's default slot, in case
    // we were only getting it "by reference" from the enumdef.
    upb_fielddef_setdefaultint32(f, upb_fielddef_defaultint32(f));
  }

  return true;
}

static bool upb_validate_enumdef(const upb_enumdef *e, upb_status *s) {
  if (upb_enumdef_numvals(e) == 0) {
    upb_status_seterrf(s, "enum %s has no members (must have at least one)",
                       upb_enumdef_fullname(e));
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

// All submessage fields are lower than all other fields.
// Secondly, fields are increasing in order.
uint32_t field_rank(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  uint32_t ret = upb_fielddef_number(f);
  const uint32_t high_bit = 1 << 30;
  assert(ret < high_bit);
  if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f))
    ret |= high_bit;
  return ret;
}

int cmp_fields(const void *p1, const void *p2) {
  const upb_fielddef *f1 = *(upb_fielddef*const*)p1;
  const upb_fielddef *f2 = *(upb_fielddef*const*)p2;
  return field_rank(f1) - field_rank(f2);
}

static bool assign_msg_indices(upb_msgdef *m, upb_status *s) {
  // Sort fields.  upb internally relies on UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE fields having the
  // lowest indexes, but we do not publicly guarantee this.
  int n = upb_msgdef_numfields(m);
  upb_fielddef **fields = malloc(n * sizeof(*fields));
  if (!fields) return false;

  upb_msg_iter j;
  int i;
  m->submsg_field_count = 0;
  for(i = 0, upb_msg_begin(&j, m); !upb_msg_done(&j); upb_msg_next(&j), i++) {
    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&j);
    assert(f->msg.def == m);
    if (!upb_validate_field(f, s)) {
      free(fields);
      return false;
    }
    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
      m->submsg_field_count++;
    }
    fields[i] = f;
  }

  qsort(fields, n, sizeof(*fields), cmp_fields);

  uint32_t selector = UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT + m->submsg_field_count;
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    upb_fielddef *f = fields[i];
    f->index_ = i;
    f->selector_base = selector + upb_handlers_selectorbaseoffset(f);
    selector += upb_handlers_selectorcount(f);
  }
  m->selector_count = selector;

#ifndef NDEBUG
  // Verify that all selectors for the message are distinct.
  //
#define TRY(type) \
  if (upb_handlers_getselector(f, type, &sel)) upb_inttable_insert(&t, sel, v);

  upb_inttable t;
  upb_inttable_init(&t, UPB_CTYPE_BOOL);
  upb_value v = upb_value_bool(true);
  upb_selector_t sel;
  upb_inttable_insert(&t, UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR, v);
  upb_inttable_insert(&t, UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR, v);
  for(upb_msg_begin(&j, m); !upb_msg_done(&j); upb_msg_next(&j)) {
    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&j);
    // These calls will assert-fail in upb_table if the value already exists.
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_INT32);
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_INT64)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_UINT32)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_UINT64)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_BOOL)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_STRING)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ)
    TRY(UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ)
  }
  upb_inttable_uninit(&t);
#undef TRY
#endif

  free(fields);
  return true;
}

bool upb_def_freeze(upb_def *const* defs, int n, upb_status *s) {
  upb_status_clear(s);

  // First perform validation, in two passes so we can check that we have a
  // transitive closure without needing to search.
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    upb_def *def = defs[i];
    if (upb_def_isfrozen(def)) {
      // Could relax this requirement if it's annoying.
      upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "def is already frozen");
      goto err;
    } else if (def->type == UPB_DEF_FIELD) {
      upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "standalone fielddefs can not be frozen");
      goto err;
    } else if (def->type == UPB_DEF_ENUM) {
      if (!upb_validate_enumdef(upb_dyncast_enumdef(def), s)) {
        goto err;
      }
    } else {
      // Set now to detect transitive closure in the second pass.
      def->came_from_user = true;
    }
  }

  // Second pass of validation.  Also assign selector bases and indexes, and
  // compact tables.
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    upb_msgdef *m = upb_dyncast_msgdef_mutable(defs[i]);
    upb_enumdef *e = upb_dyncast_enumdef_mutable(defs[i]);
    if (m) {
      upb_inttable_compact(&m->itof);
      if (!assign_msg_indices(m, s)) {
        goto err;
      }
    } else if (e) {
      upb_inttable_compact(&e->iton);
    }
  }

  // Def graph contains FieldDefs between each MessageDef, so double the limit.
  int maxdepth = UPB_MAX_MESSAGE_DEPTH * 2;

  // Validation all passed; freeze the defs.
  bool ret =
      upb_refcounted_freeze((upb_refcounted * const *)defs, n, s, maxdepth);
  assert(!(s && ret != upb_ok(s)));
  return ret;

err:
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    defs[i]->came_from_user = false;
  }
  assert(!(s && upb_ok(s)));
  return false;
}


/* upb_enumdef ****************************************************************/

static void upb_enumdef_free(upb_refcounted *r) {
  upb_enumdef *e = (upb_enumdef*)r;
  upb_inttable_iter i;
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &e->iton);
  for( ; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    // To clean up the upb_strdup() from upb_enumdef_addval().
    free(upb_value_getcstr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i)));
  }
  upb_strtable_uninit(&e->ntoi);
  upb_inttable_uninit(&e->iton);
  upb_def_uninit(UPB_UPCAST(e));
  free(e);
}

upb_enumdef *upb_enumdef_new(const void *owner) {
  static const struct upb_refcounted_vtbl vtbl = {NULL, &upb_enumdef_free};
  upb_enumdef *e = malloc(sizeof(*e));
  if (!e) return NULL;
  if (!upb_def_init(UPB_UPCAST(e), UPB_DEF_ENUM, &vtbl, owner)) goto err2;
  if (!upb_strtable_init(&e->ntoi, UPB_CTYPE_INT32)) goto err2;
  if (!upb_inttable_init(&e->iton, UPB_CTYPE_CSTR)) goto err1;
  return e;

err1:
  upb_strtable_uninit(&e->ntoi);
err2:
  free(e);
  return NULL;
}

upb_enumdef *upb_enumdef_dup(const upb_enumdef *e, const void *owner) {
  upb_enumdef *new_e = upb_enumdef_new(owner);
  if (!new_e) return NULL;
  upb_enum_iter i;
  for(upb_enum_begin(&i, e); !upb_enum_done(&i); upb_enum_next(&i)) {
    bool success = upb_enumdef_addval(
        new_e, upb_enum_iter_name(&i),upb_enum_iter_number(&i), NULL);
    if (!success) {
      upb_enumdef_unref(new_e, owner);
      return NULL;
    }
  }
  return new_e;
}

bool upb_enumdef_isfrozen(const upb_enumdef *e) {
  return upb_def_isfrozen(UPB_UPCAST(e));
}

void upb_enumdef_ref(const upb_enumdef *e, const void *owner) {
  upb_def_ref(UPB_UPCAST(e), owner);
}

void upb_enumdef_unref(const upb_enumdef *e, const void *owner) {
  upb_def_unref(UPB_UPCAST(e), owner);
}

void upb_enumdef_donateref(
    const upb_enumdef *e, const void *from, const void *to) {
  upb_def_donateref(UPB_UPCAST(e), from, to);
}

void upb_enumdef_checkref(const upb_enumdef *e, const void *owner) {
  upb_def_checkref(UPB_UPCAST(e), owner);
}

bool upb_enumdef_freeze(upb_enumdef *e, upb_status *status) {
  upb_def *d = UPB_UPCAST(e);
  return upb_def_freeze(&d, 1, status);
}

const char *upb_enumdef_fullname(const upb_enumdef *e) {
  return upb_def_fullname(UPB_UPCAST(e));
}

bool upb_enumdef_setfullname(upb_enumdef *e, const char *fullname,
                             upb_status *s) {
  return upb_def_setfullname(UPB_UPCAST(e), fullname, s);
}

bool upb_enumdef_addval(upb_enumdef *e, const char *name, int32_t num,
                        upb_status *status) {
  if (!upb_isident(name, strlen(name), false, status)) {
    return false;
  }
  if (upb_enumdef_ntoiz(e, name, NULL)) {
    upb_status_seterrf(status, "name '%s' is already defined", name);
    return false;
  }
  if (!upb_strtable_insert(&e->ntoi, name, upb_value_int32(num))) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "out of memory");
    return false;
  }
  if (!upb_inttable_lookup(&e->iton, num, NULL) &&
      !upb_inttable_insert(&e->iton, num, upb_value_cstr(upb_strdup(name)))) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "out of memory");
    upb_strtable_remove(&e->ntoi, name, NULL);
    return false;
  }
  if (upb_enumdef_numvals(e) == 1) {
    bool ok = upb_enumdef_setdefault(e, num, NULL);
    UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
  }
  return true;
}

int32_t upb_enumdef_default(const upb_enumdef *e) {
  assert(upb_enumdef_iton(e, e->defaultval));
  return e->defaultval;
}

bool upb_enumdef_setdefault(upb_enumdef *e, int32_t val, upb_status *s) {
  assert(!upb_enumdef_isfrozen(e));
  if (!upb_enumdef_iton(e, val)) {
    upb_status_seterrf(s, "number '%d' is not in the enum.", val);
    return false;
  }
  e->defaultval = val;
  return true;
}

int upb_enumdef_numvals(const upb_enumdef *e) {
  return upb_strtable_count(&e->ntoi);
}

void upb_enum_begin(upb_enum_iter *i, const upb_enumdef *e) {
  // We iterate over the ntoi table, to account for duplicate numbers.
  upb_strtable_begin(i, &e->ntoi);
}

void upb_enum_next(upb_enum_iter *iter) { upb_strtable_next(iter); }
bool upb_enum_done(upb_enum_iter *iter) { return upb_strtable_done(iter); }

bool upb_enumdef_ntoi(const upb_enumdef *def, const char *name,
                      size_t len, int32_t *num) {
  upb_value v;
  if (!upb_strtable_lookup2(&def->ntoi, name, len, &v)) {
    return false;
  }
  if (num) *num = upb_value_getint32(v);
  return true;
}

const char *upb_enumdef_iton(const upb_enumdef *def, int32_t num) {
  upb_value v;
  return upb_inttable_lookup32(&def->iton, num, &v) ?
      upb_value_getcstr(v) : NULL;
}

const char *upb_enum_iter_name(upb_enum_iter *iter) {
  return upb_strtable_iter_key(iter);
}

int32_t upb_enum_iter_number(upb_enum_iter *iter) {
  return upb_value_getint32(upb_strtable_iter_value(iter));
}


/* upb_fielddef ***************************************************************/

static void upb_fielddef_init_default(upb_fielddef *f);

static void upb_fielddef_uninit_default(upb_fielddef *f) {
  if (f->type_is_set_ && f->default_is_string && f->defaultval.bytes)
    freestr(f->defaultval.bytes);
}

static void visitfield(const upb_refcounted *r, upb_refcounted_visit *visit,
                       void *closure) {
  const upb_fielddef *f = (const upb_fielddef*)r;
  if (upb_fielddef_containingtype(f)) {
    visit(r, UPB_UPCAST2(upb_fielddef_containingtype(f)), closure);
  }
  if (upb_fielddef_subdef(f)) {
    visit(r, UPB_UPCAST(upb_fielddef_subdef(f)), closure);
  }
}

static void freefield(upb_refcounted *r) {
  upb_fielddef *f = (upb_fielddef*)r;
  upb_fielddef_uninit_default(f);
  if (f->subdef_is_symbolic)
    free(f->sub.name);
  upb_def_uninit(UPB_UPCAST(f));
  free(f);
}

static const char *enumdefaultstr(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  assert(f->type_is_set_ && f->type_ == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
  const upb_enumdef *e = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(f);
  if (f->default_is_string && f->defaultval.bytes) {
    // Default was explicitly set as a string.
    str_t *s = f->defaultval.bytes;
    return s->str;
  } else if (e) {
    if (!f->default_is_string) {
      // Default was explicitly set as an integer; look it up in enumdef.
      const char *name = upb_enumdef_iton(e, f->defaultval.sint);
      if (name) {
        return name;
      }
    } else {
      // Default is completely unset; pull enumdef default.
      if (upb_enumdef_numvals(e) > 0) {
        const char *name = upb_enumdef_iton(e, upb_enumdef_default(e));
        assert(name);
        return name;
      }
    }
  }
  return NULL;
}

static bool enumdefaultint32(const upb_fielddef *f, int32_t *val) {
  assert(f->type_is_set_ && f->type_ == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
  const upb_enumdef *e = upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(f);
  if (!f->default_is_string) {
    // Default was explicitly set as an integer.
    *val = f->defaultval.sint;
    return true;
  } else if (e) {
    if (f->defaultval.bytes) {
      // Default was explicitly set as a str; try to lookup corresponding int.
      str_t *s = f->defaultval.bytes;
      if (upb_enumdef_ntoiz(e, s->str, val)) {
        return true;
      }
    } else {
      // Default is unset; try to pull in enumdef default.
      if (upb_enumdef_numvals(e) > 0) {
        *val = upb_enumdef_default(e);
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}

upb_fielddef *upb_fielddef_new(const void *owner) {
  static const struct upb_refcounted_vtbl vtbl = {visitfield, freefield};
  upb_fielddef *f = malloc(sizeof(*f));
  if (!f) return NULL;
  if (!upb_def_init(UPB_UPCAST(f), UPB_DEF_FIELD, &vtbl, owner)) {
    free(f);
    return NULL;
  }
  f->msg.def = NULL;
  f->sub.def = NULL;
  f->subdef_is_symbolic = false;
  f->msg_is_symbolic = false;
  f->label_ = UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL;
  f->type_ = UPB_TYPE_INT32;
  f->number_ = 0;
  f->type_is_set_ = false;
  f->tagdelim = false;
  f->is_extension_ = false;
  f->lazy_ = false;
  f->packed_ = true;

  // For the moment we default this to UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, since it will work
  // with all integer types and is in some since more "default" since the most
  // normal-looking proto2 types int32/int64/uint32/uint64 use variable.
  //
  // Other options to consider:
  // - there is no default; users must set this manually (like type).
  // - default signed integers to UPB_INTFMT_ZIGZAG, since it's more likely to
  //   be an optimal default for signed integers.
  f->intfmt = UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE;
  return f;
}

upb_fielddef *upb_fielddef_dup(const upb_fielddef *f, const void *owner) {
  upb_fielddef *newf = upb_fielddef_new(owner);
  if (!newf) return NULL;
  upb_fielddef_settype(newf, upb_fielddef_type(f));
  upb_fielddef_setlabel(newf, upb_fielddef_label(f));
  upb_fielddef_setnumber(newf, upb_fielddef_number(f), NULL);
  upb_fielddef_setname(newf, upb_fielddef_name(f), NULL);
  if (f->default_is_string && f->defaultval.bytes) {
    str_t *s = f->defaultval.bytes;
    upb_fielddef_setdefaultstr(newf, s->str, s->len, NULL);
  } else {
    newf->default_is_string = f->default_is_string;
    newf->defaultval = f->defaultval;
  }

  const char *srcname;
  if (f->subdef_is_symbolic) {
    srcname = f->sub.name;  // Might be NULL.
  } else {
    srcname = f->sub.def ? upb_def_fullname(f->sub.def) : NULL;
  }
  if (srcname) {
    char *newname = malloc(strlen(f->sub.def->fullname) + 2);
    if (!newname) {
      upb_fielddef_unref(newf, owner);
      return NULL;
    }
    strcpy(newname, ".");
    strcat(newname, f->sub.def->fullname);
    upb_fielddef_setsubdefname(newf, newname, NULL);
    free(newname);
  }

  return newf;
}

bool upb_fielddef_isfrozen(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_def_isfrozen(UPB_UPCAST(f));
}

void upb_fielddef_ref(const upb_fielddef *f, const void *owner) {
  upb_def_ref(UPB_UPCAST(f), owner);
}

void upb_fielddef_unref(const upb_fielddef *f, const void *owner) {
  upb_def_unref(UPB_UPCAST(f), owner);
}

void upb_fielddef_donateref(
    const upb_fielddef *f, const void *from, const void *to) {
  upb_def_donateref(UPB_UPCAST(f), from, to);
}

void upb_fielddef_checkref(const upb_fielddef *f, const void *owner) {
  upb_def_checkref(UPB_UPCAST(f), owner);
}

bool upb_fielddef_typeisset(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->type_is_set_;
}

upb_fieldtype_t upb_fielddef_type(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  assert(f->type_is_set_);
  return f->type_;
}

uint32_t upb_fielddef_index(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->index_;
}

upb_label_t upb_fielddef_label(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->label_;
}

upb_intfmt_t upb_fielddef_intfmt(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->intfmt;
}

bool upb_fielddef_istagdelim(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->tagdelim;
}

uint32_t upb_fielddef_number(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->number_;
}

bool upb_fielddef_isextension(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->is_extension_;
}

bool upb_fielddef_lazy(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->lazy_;
}

bool upb_fielddef_packed(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->packed_;
}

const char *upb_fielddef_name(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_def_fullname(UPB_UPCAST(f));
}

const upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_containingtype(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->msg_is_symbolic ? NULL : f->msg.def;
}

upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_containingtype_mutable(upb_fielddef *f) {
  return (upb_msgdef*)upb_fielddef_containingtype(f);
}

const char *upb_fielddef_containingtypename(upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->msg_is_symbolic ? f->msg.name : NULL;
}

static void release_containingtype(upb_fielddef *f) {
  if (f->msg_is_symbolic) free(f->msg.name);
}

bool upb_fielddef_setcontainingtypename(upb_fielddef *f, const char *name,
                                        upb_status *s) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  if (upb_fielddef_containingtype(f)) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "field has already been added to a message.");
    return false;
  }
  // TODO: validate name (upb_isident() doesn't quite work atm because this name
  // may have a leading ".").
  release_containingtype(f);
  f->msg.name = upb_strdup(name);
  f->msg_is_symbolic = true;
  return true;
}

bool upb_fielddef_setname(upb_fielddef *f, const char *name, upb_status *s) {
  return upb_def_setfullname(UPB_UPCAST(f), name, s);
}

static void chkdefaulttype(const upb_fielddef *f, upb_fieldtype_t type) {
  UPB_UNUSED(f);
  UPB_UNUSED(type);
  assert(f->type_is_set_ && upb_fielddef_type(f) == type);
}

int64_t upb_fielddef_defaultint64(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_INT64);
  return f->defaultval.sint;
}

int32_t upb_fielddef_defaultint32(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  if (f->type_is_set_ && upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
    int32_t val;
    bool ok = enumdefaultint32(f, &val);
    UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
    return val;
  } else {
    chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_INT32);
    return f->defaultval.sint;
  }
}

uint64_t upb_fielddef_defaultuint64(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_UINT64);
  return f->defaultval.uint;
}

uint32_t upb_fielddef_defaultuint32(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_UINT32);
  return f->defaultval.uint;
}

bool upb_fielddef_defaultbool(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_BOOL);
  return f->defaultval.uint;
}

float upb_fielddef_defaultfloat(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_FLOAT);
  return f->defaultval.flt;
}

double upb_fielddef_defaultdouble(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  chkdefaulttype(f, UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE);
  return f->defaultval.dbl;
}

const char *upb_fielddef_defaultstr(const upb_fielddef *f, size_t *len) {
  assert(f->type_is_set_);
  assert(upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING ||
         upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES ||
         upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);

  if (upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
    const char *ret = enumdefaultstr(f);
    assert(ret);
    // Enum defaults can't have embedded NULLs.
    if (len) *len = strlen(ret);
    return ret;
  }

  if (f->default_is_string) {
    str_t *str = f->defaultval.bytes;
    if (len) *len = str->len;
    return str->str;
  }

  return NULL;
}

static void upb_fielddef_init_default(upb_fielddef *f) {
  f->default_is_string = false;
  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE: f->defaultval.dbl = 0; break;
    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT: f->defaultval.flt = 0; break;
    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: f->defaultval.sint = 0; break;
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL: f->defaultval.uint = 0; break;
    case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
      f->defaultval.bytes = newstr("", 0);
      f->default_is_string = true;
      break;
    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: break;
    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
      // This is our special sentinel that indicates "not set" for an enum.
      f->default_is_string = true;
      f->defaultval.bytes = NULL;
      break;
  }
}

const upb_def *upb_fielddef_subdef(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->subdef_is_symbolic ? NULL : f->sub.def;
}

const upb_msgdef *upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  const upb_def *def = upb_fielddef_subdef(f);
  return def ? upb_dyncast_msgdef(def) : NULL;
}

const upb_enumdef *upb_fielddef_enumsubdef(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  const upb_def *def = upb_fielddef_subdef(f);
  return def ? upb_dyncast_enumdef(def) : NULL;
}

upb_def *upb_fielddef_subdef_mutable(upb_fielddef *f) {
  return (upb_def*)upb_fielddef_subdef(f);
}

const char *upb_fielddef_subdefname(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  if (f->subdef_is_symbolic) {
    return f->sub.name;
  } else if (f->sub.def) {
    return upb_def_fullname(f->sub.def);
  } else {
    return NULL;
  }
}

bool upb_fielddef_setnumber(upb_fielddef *f, uint32_t number, upb_status *s) {
  if (upb_fielddef_containingtype(f)) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(
        s, "cannot change field number after adding to a message");
    return false;
  }
  if (number == 0 || number > UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER) {
    upb_status_seterrf(s, "invalid field number (%u)", number);
    return false;
  }
  f->number_ = number;
  return true;
}

void upb_fielddef_settype(upb_fielddef *f, upb_fieldtype_t type) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  assert(upb_fielddef_checktype(type));
  upb_fielddef_uninit_default(f);
  f->type_ = type;
  f->type_is_set_ = true;
  upb_fielddef_init_default(f);
}

void upb_fielddef_setdescriptortype(upb_fielddef *f, int type) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  switch (type) {
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE);
      break;
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_FLOAT);
      break;
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64:
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64:
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_INT64);
      break;
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64:
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_UINT64);
      break;
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32:
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32:
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_INT32);
      break;
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32:
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_UINT32);
      break;
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_BOOL);
      break;
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_STRING);
      break;
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_BYTES);
      break;
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP:
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE);
      break;
    case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM:
      upb_fielddef_settype(f, UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
      break;
    default: assert(false);
  }

  if (type == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64 ||
      type == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32 ||
      type == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64 ||
      type == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32) {
    upb_fielddef_setintfmt(f, UPB_INTFMT_FIXED);
  } else if (type == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64 ||
             type == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32) {
    upb_fielddef_setintfmt(f, UPB_INTFMT_ZIGZAG);
  } else {
    upb_fielddef_setintfmt(f, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE);
  }

  upb_fielddef_settagdelim(f, type == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP);
}

upb_descriptortype_t upb_fielddef_descriptortype(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:  return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FLOAT;
    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE: return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_DOUBLE;
    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:   return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BOOL;
    case UPB_TYPE_STRING: return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING;
    case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:  return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES;
    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:   return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM;
    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
      switch (upb_fielddef_intfmt(f)) {
        case UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE: return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32;
        case UPB_INTFMT_FIXED:    return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED32;
        case UPB_INTFMT_ZIGZAG:   return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT32;
      }
    case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
      switch (upb_fielddef_intfmt(f)) {
        case UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE: return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT64;
        case UPB_INTFMT_FIXED:    return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SFIXED64;
        case UPB_INTFMT_ZIGZAG:   return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SINT64;
      }
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
      switch (upb_fielddef_intfmt(f)) {
        case UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE: return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT32;
        case UPB_INTFMT_FIXED:    return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED32;
        case UPB_INTFMT_ZIGZAG:   return -1;
      }
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
      switch (upb_fielddef_intfmt(f)) {
        case UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE: return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UINT64;
        case UPB_INTFMT_FIXED:    return UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_FIXED64;
        case UPB_INTFMT_ZIGZAG:   return -1;
      }
    case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
      return upb_fielddef_istagdelim(f) ?
          UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP : UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE;
  }
  return 0;
}

void upb_fielddef_setisextension(upb_fielddef *f, bool is_extension) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  f->is_extension_ = is_extension;
}

void upb_fielddef_setlazy(upb_fielddef *f, bool lazy) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  f->lazy_ = lazy;
}

void upb_fielddef_setpacked(upb_fielddef *f, bool packed) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  f->packed_ = packed;
}

void upb_fielddef_setlabel(upb_fielddef *f, upb_label_t label) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  assert(upb_fielddef_checklabel(label));
  f->label_ = label;
}

void upb_fielddef_setintfmt(upb_fielddef *f, upb_intfmt_t fmt) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  assert(upb_fielddef_checkintfmt(fmt));
  f->intfmt = fmt;
}

void upb_fielddef_settagdelim(upb_fielddef *f, bool tag_delim) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  f->tagdelim = tag_delim;
  f->tagdelim = tag_delim;
}

static bool checksetdefault(upb_fielddef *f, upb_fieldtype_t type) {
  if (!f->type_is_set_ || upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f) ||
      upb_fielddef_type(f) != type) {
    assert(false);
    return false;
  }
  if (f->default_is_string) {
    str_t *s = f->defaultval.bytes;
    assert(s || type == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
    if (s) freestr(s);
  }
  f->default_is_string = false;
  return true;
}

void upb_fielddef_setdefaultint64(upb_fielddef *f, int64_t value) {
  if (checksetdefault(f, UPB_TYPE_INT64))
    f->defaultval.sint = value;
}

void upb_fielddef_setdefaultint32(upb_fielddef *f, int32_t value) {
  if ((upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM &&
       checksetdefault(f, UPB_TYPE_ENUM)) ||
      checksetdefault(f, UPB_TYPE_INT32)) {
    f->defaultval.sint = value;
  }
}

void upb_fielddef_setdefaultuint64(upb_fielddef *f, uint64_t value) {
  if (checksetdefault(f, UPB_TYPE_UINT64))
    f->defaultval.uint = value;
}

void upb_fielddef_setdefaultuint32(upb_fielddef *f, uint32_t value) {
  if (checksetdefault(f, UPB_TYPE_UINT32))
    f->defaultval.uint = value;
}

void upb_fielddef_setdefaultbool(upb_fielddef *f, bool value) {
  if (checksetdefault(f, UPB_TYPE_BOOL))
    f->defaultval.uint = value;
}

void upb_fielddef_setdefaultfloat(upb_fielddef *f, float value) {
  if (checksetdefault(f, UPB_TYPE_FLOAT))
    f->defaultval.flt = value;
}

void upb_fielddef_setdefaultdouble(upb_fielddef *f, double value) {
  if (checksetdefault(f, UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE))
    f->defaultval.dbl = value;
}

bool upb_fielddef_setdefaultstr(upb_fielddef *f, const void *str, size_t len,
                                upb_status *s) {
  assert(upb_fielddef_isstring(f) || f->type_ == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
  if (f->type_ == UPB_TYPE_ENUM && !upb_isident(str, len, false, s))
    return false;

  if (f->default_is_string) {
    str_t *s = f->defaultval.bytes;
    assert(s || f->type_ == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
    if (s) freestr(s);
  } else {
    assert(f->type_ == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
  }

  str_t *str2 = newstr(str, len);
  f->defaultval.bytes = str2;
  f->default_is_string = true;
  return true;
}

void upb_fielddef_setdefaultcstr(upb_fielddef *f, const char *str,
                                 upb_status *s) {
  assert(f->type_is_set_);
  upb_fielddef_setdefaultstr(f, str, str ? strlen(str) : 0, s);
}

bool upb_fielddef_enumhasdefaultint32(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  assert(f->type_is_set_ && f->type_ == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
  int32_t val;
  return enumdefaultint32(f, &val);
}

bool upb_fielddef_enumhasdefaultstr(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  assert(f->type_is_set_ && f->type_ == UPB_TYPE_ENUM);
  return enumdefaultstr(f) != NULL;
}

static bool upb_subdef_typecheck(upb_fielddef *f, const upb_def *subdef,
                                 upb_status *s) {
  if (f->type_ == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
    if (upb_dyncast_msgdef(subdef)) return true;
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "invalid subdef type for this submessage field");
    return false;
  } else if (f->type_ == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
    if (upb_dyncast_enumdef(subdef)) return true;
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "invalid subdef type for this enum field");
    return false;
  } else {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "only message and enum fields can have a subdef");
    return false;
  }
}

static void release_subdef(upb_fielddef *f) {
  if (f->subdef_is_symbolic) {
    free(f->sub.name);
  } else if (f->sub.def) {
    upb_unref2(f->sub.def, f);
  }
}

bool upb_fielddef_setsubdef(upb_fielddef *f, const upb_def *subdef,
                            upb_status *s) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  assert(upb_fielddef_hassubdef(f));
  if (subdef && !upb_subdef_typecheck(f, subdef, s)) return false;
  release_subdef(f);
  f->sub.def = subdef;
  f->subdef_is_symbolic = false;
  if (f->sub.def) upb_ref2(f->sub.def, f);
  return true;
}

bool upb_fielddef_setmsgsubdef(upb_fielddef *f, const upb_msgdef *subdef,
                               upb_status *s) {
  return upb_fielddef_setsubdef(f, UPB_UPCAST(subdef), s);
}

bool upb_fielddef_setenumsubdef(upb_fielddef *f, const upb_enumdef *subdef,
                                upb_status *s) {
  return upb_fielddef_setsubdef(f, UPB_UPCAST(subdef), s);
}

bool upb_fielddef_setsubdefname(upb_fielddef *f, const char *name,
                                upb_status *s) {
  assert(!upb_fielddef_isfrozen(f));
  if (!upb_fielddef_hassubdef(f)) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "field type does not accept a subdef");
    return false;
  }
  // TODO: validate name (upb_isident() doesn't quite work atm because this name
  // may have a leading ".").
  release_subdef(f);
  f->sub.name = upb_strdup(name);
  f->subdef_is_symbolic = true;
  return true;
}

bool upb_fielddef_issubmsg(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE;
}

bool upb_fielddef_isstring(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING ||
         upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES;
}

bool upb_fielddef_isseq(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_fielddef_label(f) == UPB_LABEL_REPEATED;
}

bool upb_fielddef_isprimitive(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return !upb_fielddef_isstring(f) && !upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f);
}

bool upb_fielddef_hassubdef(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f) || upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM;
}

static bool between(int32_t x, int32_t low, int32_t high) {
  return x >= low && x <= high;
}

bool upb_fielddef_checklabel(int32_t label) { return between(label, 1, 3); }
bool upb_fielddef_checktype(int32_t type) { return between(type, 1, 11); }
bool upb_fielddef_checkintfmt(int32_t fmt) { return between(fmt, 1, 3); }

bool upb_fielddef_checkdescriptortype(int32_t type) {
  return between(type, 1, 18);
}

/* upb_msgdef *****************************************************************/

static void visitmsg(const upb_refcounted *r, upb_refcounted_visit *visit,
                     void *closure) {
  const upb_msgdef *m = (const upb_msgdef*)r;
  upb_msg_iter i;
  for(upb_msg_begin(&i, m); !upb_msg_done(&i); upb_msg_next(&i)) {
    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
    visit(r, UPB_UPCAST2(f), closure);
  }
}

static void freemsg(upb_refcounted *r) {
  upb_msgdef *m = (upb_msgdef*)r;
  upb_strtable_uninit(&m->ntof);
  upb_inttable_uninit(&m->itof);
  upb_def_uninit(UPB_UPCAST(m));
  free(m);
}

upb_msgdef *upb_msgdef_new(const void *owner) {
  static const struct upb_refcounted_vtbl vtbl = {visitmsg, freemsg};
  upb_msgdef *m = malloc(sizeof(*m));
  if (!m) return NULL;
  if (!upb_def_init(UPB_UPCAST(m), UPB_DEF_MSG, &vtbl, owner)) goto err2;
  if (!upb_inttable_init(&m->itof, UPB_CTYPE_PTR)) goto err2;
  if (!upb_strtable_init(&m->ntof, UPB_CTYPE_PTR)) goto err1;
  m->map_entry = false;
  return m;

err1:
  upb_inttable_uninit(&m->itof);
err2:
  free(m);
  return NULL;
}

upb_msgdef *upb_msgdef_dup(const upb_msgdef *m, const void *owner) {
  upb_msgdef *newm = upb_msgdef_new(owner);
  if (!newm) return NULL;
  bool ok = upb_def_setfullname(UPB_UPCAST(newm),
                                upb_def_fullname(UPB_UPCAST(m)), NULL);
  newm->map_entry = m->map_entry;
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
  upb_msg_iter i;
  for(upb_msg_begin(&i, m); !upb_msg_done(&i); upb_msg_next(&i)) {
    upb_fielddef *f = upb_fielddef_dup(upb_msg_iter_field(&i), &f);
    if (!f || !upb_msgdef_addfield(newm, f, &f, NULL)) {
      upb_msgdef_unref(newm, owner);
      return NULL;
    }
  }
  return newm;
}

bool upb_msgdef_isfrozen(const upb_msgdef *m) {
  return upb_def_isfrozen(UPB_UPCAST(m));
}

void upb_msgdef_ref(const upb_msgdef *m, const void *owner) {
  upb_def_ref(UPB_UPCAST(m), owner);
}

void upb_msgdef_unref(const upb_msgdef *m, const void *owner) {
  upb_def_unref(UPB_UPCAST(m), owner);
}

void upb_msgdef_donateref(
    const upb_msgdef *m, const void *from, const void *to) {
  upb_def_donateref(UPB_UPCAST(m), from, to);
}

void upb_msgdef_checkref(const upb_msgdef *m, const void *owner) {
  upb_def_checkref(UPB_UPCAST(m), owner);
}

bool upb_msgdef_freeze(upb_msgdef *m, upb_status *status) {
  upb_def *d = UPB_UPCAST(m);
  return upb_def_freeze(&d, 1, status);
}

const char *upb_msgdef_fullname(const upb_msgdef *m) {
  return upb_def_fullname(UPB_UPCAST(m));
}

bool upb_msgdef_setfullname(upb_msgdef *m, const char *fullname,
                            upb_status *s) {
  return upb_def_setfullname(UPB_UPCAST(m), fullname, s);
}

bool upb_msgdef_addfield(upb_msgdef *m, upb_fielddef *f, const void *ref_donor,
                         upb_status *s) {
  // TODO: extensions need to have a separate namespace, because proto2 allows a
  // top-level extension (ie. one not in any package) to have the same name as a
  // field from the message.
  //
  // This also implies that there needs to be a separate lookup-by-name method
  // for extensions.  It seems desirable for iteration to return both extensions
  // and non-extensions though.
  //
  // We also need to validate that the field number is in an extension range iff
  // it is an extension.

  // Check constraints for all fields before performing any action.
  if (upb_fielddef_containingtype(f) != NULL) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "fielddef already belongs to a message");
    return false;
  } else if (upb_fielddef_name(f) == NULL || upb_fielddef_number(f) == 0) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "field name or number were not set");
    return false;
  } else if(upb_msgdef_itof(m, upb_fielddef_number(f)) ||
            upb_msgdef_ntofz(m, upb_fielddef_name(f))) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "duplicate field name or number");
    return false;
  }

  // Constraint checks ok, perform the action.
  release_containingtype(f);
  f->msg.def = m;
  f->msg_is_symbolic = false;
  upb_inttable_insert(&m->itof, upb_fielddef_number(f), upb_value_ptr(f));
  upb_strtable_insert(&m->ntof, upb_fielddef_name(f), upb_value_ptr(f));
  upb_ref2(f, m);
  upb_ref2(m, f);
  if (ref_donor) upb_fielddef_unref(f, ref_donor);

  return true;
}

const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_itof(const upb_msgdef *m, uint32_t i) {
  upb_value val;
  return upb_inttable_lookup32(&m->itof, i, &val) ?
      upb_value_getptr(val) : NULL;
}

const upb_fielddef *upb_msgdef_ntof(const upb_msgdef *m, const char *name,
                                    size_t len) {
  upb_value val;
  return upb_strtable_lookup2(&m->ntof, name, len, &val) ?
      upb_value_getptr(val) : NULL;
}

int upb_msgdef_numfields(const upb_msgdef *m) {
  return upb_strtable_count(&m->ntof);
}

void upb_msgdef_setmapentry(upb_msgdef *m, bool map_entry) {
  assert(!upb_msgdef_isfrozen(m));
  m->map_entry = map_entry;
}

bool upb_msgdef_mapentry(const upb_msgdef *m) {
  return m->map_entry;
}

void upb_msg_begin(upb_msg_iter *iter, const upb_msgdef *m) {
  upb_inttable_begin(iter, &m->itof);
}

void upb_msg_next(upb_msg_iter *iter) { upb_inttable_next(iter); }

bool upb_msg_done(const upb_msg_iter *iter) { return upb_inttable_done(iter); }

upb_fielddef *upb_msg_iter_field(const upb_msg_iter *iter) {
  return (upb_fielddef*)upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(iter));
}

void upb_msg_iter_setdone(upb_msg_iter *iter) {
  upb_inttable_iter_setdone(iter);
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 *
 * TODO(haberman): it's unclear whether a lot of the consistency checks should
 * assert() or return false.
 */


#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>


// Defined for the sole purpose of having a unique pointer value for
// UPB_NO_CLOSURE.
char _upb_noclosure;

static void freehandlers(upb_refcounted *r) {
  upb_handlers *h = (upb_handlers*)r;

  upb_inttable_iter i;
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &h->cleanup_);
  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    void *val = (void*)upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
    upb_value func_val = upb_inttable_iter_value(&i);
    upb_handlerfree *func = upb_value_getfptr(func_val);
    func(val);
  }

  upb_inttable_uninit(&h->cleanup_);
  upb_msgdef_unref(h->msg, h);
  free(h->sub);
  free(h);
}

static void visithandlers(const upb_refcounted *r, upb_refcounted_visit *visit,
                          void *closure) {
  const upb_handlers *h = (const upb_handlers*)r;
  upb_msg_iter i;
  for(upb_msg_begin(&i, h->msg); !upb_msg_done(&i); upb_msg_next(&i)) {
    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
    if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) continue;
    const upb_handlers *sub = upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(h, f);
    if (sub) visit(r, UPB_UPCAST(sub), closure);
  }
}

static const struct upb_refcounted_vtbl vtbl = {visithandlers, freehandlers};

typedef struct {
  upb_inttable tab;  // maps upb_msgdef* -> upb_handlers*.
  upb_handlers_callback *callback;
  const void *closure;
} dfs_state;

// TODO(haberman): discard upb_handlers* objects that do not actually have any
// handlers set and cannot reach any upb_handlers* object that does.  This is
// slightly tricky to do correctly.
static upb_handlers *newformsg(const upb_msgdef *m, const void *owner,
                               dfs_state *s) {
  upb_handlers *h = upb_handlers_new(m, owner);
  if (!h) return NULL;
  if (!upb_inttable_insertptr(&s->tab, m, upb_value_ptr(h))) goto oom;

  s->callback(s->closure, h);

  // For each submessage field, get or create a handlers object and set it as
  // the subhandlers.
  upb_msg_iter i;
  for(upb_msg_begin(&i, m); !upb_msg_done(&i); upb_msg_next(&i)) {
    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
    if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) continue;

    const upb_msgdef *subdef = upb_downcast_msgdef(upb_fielddef_subdef(f));
    upb_value subm_ent;
    if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&s->tab, subdef, &subm_ent)) {
      upb_handlers_setsubhandlers(h, f, upb_value_getptr(subm_ent));
    } else {
      upb_handlers *sub_mh = newformsg(subdef, &sub_mh, s);
      if (!sub_mh) goto oom;
      upb_handlers_setsubhandlers(h, f, sub_mh);
      upb_handlers_unref(sub_mh, &sub_mh);
    }
  }
  return h;

oom:
  upb_handlers_unref(h, owner);
  return NULL;
}

// Given a selector for a STARTSUBMSG handler, resolves to a pointer to the
// subhandlers for this submessage field.
#define SUBH(h, selector) (h->sub[selector])

// The selector for a submessage field is the field index.
#define SUBH_F(h, f) SUBH(h, f->index_)

static int32_t trygetsel(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
                         upb_handlertype_t type) {
  upb_selector_t sel;
  assert(!upb_handlers_isfrozen(h));
  if (upb_handlers_msgdef(h) != upb_fielddef_containingtype(f)) {
    upb_status_seterrf(
        &h->status_, "type mismatch: field %s does not belong to message %s",
        upb_fielddef_name(f), upb_msgdef_fullname(upb_handlers_msgdef(h)));
    return -1;
  }
  if (!upb_handlers_getselector(f, type, &sel)) {
    upb_status_seterrf(
        &h->status_,
        "type mismatch: cannot register handler type %d for field %s",
        type, upb_fielddef_name(f));
    return -1;
  }
  return sel;
}

static upb_selector_t handlers_getsel(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
                             upb_handlertype_t type) {
  int32_t sel = trygetsel(h, f, type);
  assert(sel >= 0);
  return sel;
}

static const void **returntype(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
                               upb_handlertype_t type) {
  return &h->table[handlers_getsel(h, f, type)].attr.return_closure_type_;
}

static bool doset(upb_handlers *h, int32_t sel, const upb_fielddef *f,
                  upb_handlertype_t type, upb_func *func,
                  upb_handlerattr *attr) {
  assert(!upb_handlers_isfrozen(h));

  if (sel < 0) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(&h->status_,
                         "incorrect handler type for this field.");
    return false;
  }

  if (h->table[sel].func) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(&h->status_,
                         "cannot change handler once it has been set.");
    return false;
  }

  upb_handlerattr set_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INITIALIZER;
  if (attr) {
    set_attr = *attr;
  }

  // Check that the given closure type matches the closure type that has been
  // established for this context (if any).
  const void *closure_type = upb_handlerattr_closuretype(&set_attr);
  const void **context_closure_type;

  if (type == UPB_HANDLER_STRING) {
    context_closure_type = returntype(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
  } else if (f && upb_fielddef_isseq(f) &&
             type != UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ &&
             type != UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ) {
    context_closure_type = returntype(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ);
  } else {
    context_closure_type = &h->top_closure_type;
  }

  if (closure_type && *context_closure_type &&
      closure_type != *context_closure_type) {
    // TODO(haberman): better message for debugging.
    upb_status_seterrmsg(&h->status_, "closure type does not match");
    return false;
  }

  if (closure_type)
    *context_closure_type = closure_type;

  // If this is a STARTSEQ or STARTSTR handler, check that the returned pointer
  // matches any pre-existing expectations about what type is expected.
  if (type == UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ || type == UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR) {
    const void *return_type = upb_handlerattr_returnclosuretype(&set_attr);
    const void *table_return_type =
        upb_handlerattr_returnclosuretype(&h->table[sel].attr);
    if (return_type && table_return_type && return_type != table_return_type) {
      upb_status_seterrmsg(&h->status_, "closure return type does not match");
      return false;
    }

    if (table_return_type && !return_type)
      upb_handlerattr_setreturnclosuretype(&set_attr, table_return_type);
  }

  h->table[sel].func = (upb_func*)func;
  h->table[sel].attr = set_attr;
  return true;
}

// Returns the effective closure type for this handler (which will propagate
// from outer frames if this frame has no START* handler).  Not implemented for
// UPB_HANDLER_STRING at the moment since this is not needed.  Returns NULL is
// the effective closure type is unspecified (either no handler was registered
// to specify it or the handler that was registered did not specify the closure
// type).
const void *effective_closure_type(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
                                   upb_handlertype_t type) {
  assert(type != UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
  const void *ret = h->top_closure_type;
  upb_selector_t sel;
  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f) &&
      type != UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ &&
      type != UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ &&
      h->table[sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ)].func) {
    ret = upb_handlerattr_returnclosuretype(&h->table[sel].attr);
  }

  if (type == UPB_HANDLER_STRING &&
      h->table[sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR)].func) {
    ret = upb_handlerattr_returnclosuretype(&h->table[sel].attr);
  }

  // The effective type of the submessage; not used yet.
  // if (type == SUBMESSAGE &&
  //     h->table[sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG)].func) {
  //   ret = upb_handlerattr_returnclosuretype(&h->table[sel].attr);
  // }

  return ret;
}

// Checks whether the START* handler specified by f & type is missing even
// though it is required to convert the established type of an outer frame
// ("closure_type") into the established type of an inner frame (represented in
// the return closure type of this handler's attr.
bool checkstart(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type,
                upb_status *status) {
  upb_selector_t sel = handlers_getsel(h, f, type);
  if (h->table[sel].func) return true;
  const void *closure_type = effective_closure_type(h, f, type);
  const upb_handlerattr *attr = &h->table[sel].attr;
  const void *return_closure_type = upb_handlerattr_returnclosuretype(attr);
  if (closure_type && return_closure_type &&
      closure_type != return_closure_type) {
    upb_status_seterrf(status,
                       "expected start handler to return sub type for field %f",
                       upb_fielddef_name(f));
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

/* Public interface ***********************************************************/

bool upb_handlers_isfrozen(const upb_handlers *h) {
  return upb_refcounted_isfrozen(UPB_UPCAST(h));
}

void upb_handlers_ref(const upb_handlers *h, const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_ref(UPB_UPCAST(h), owner);
}

void upb_handlers_unref(const upb_handlers *h, const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_unref(UPB_UPCAST(h), owner);
}

void upb_handlers_donateref(
    const upb_handlers *h, const void *from, const void *to) {
  upb_refcounted_donateref(UPB_UPCAST(h), from, to);
}

void upb_handlers_checkref(const upb_handlers *h, const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_checkref(UPB_UPCAST(h), owner);
}

upb_handlers *upb_handlers_new(const upb_msgdef *md, const void *owner) {
  assert(upb_msgdef_isfrozen(md));

  int extra = sizeof(upb_handlers_tabent) * (md->selector_count - 1);
  upb_handlers *h = calloc(sizeof(*h) + extra, 1);
  if (!h) return NULL;

  h->msg = md;
  upb_msgdef_ref(h->msg, h);
  upb_status_clear(&h->status_);
  h->sub = calloc(md->submsg_field_count, sizeof(*h->sub));
  if (!h->sub) goto oom;
  if (!upb_refcounted_init(UPB_UPCAST(h), &vtbl, owner)) goto oom;
  if (!upb_inttable_init(&h->cleanup_, UPB_CTYPE_FPTR)) goto oom;

  // calloc() above initialized all handlers to NULL.
  return h;

oom:
  freehandlers(UPB_UPCAST(h));
  return NULL;
}

const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_newfrozen(const upb_msgdef *m,
                                           const void *owner,
                                           upb_handlers_callback *callback,
                                           const void *closure) {
  dfs_state state;
  state.callback = callback;
  state.closure = closure;
  if (!upb_inttable_init(&state.tab, UPB_CTYPE_PTR)) return NULL;

  upb_handlers *ret = newformsg(m, owner, &state);

  upb_inttable_uninit(&state.tab);
  if (!ret) return NULL;

  upb_refcounted *r = UPB_UPCAST(ret);
  bool ok = upb_refcounted_freeze(&r, 1, NULL, UPB_MAX_HANDLER_DEPTH);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);

  return ret;
}

const upb_status *upb_handlers_status(upb_handlers *h) {
  assert(!upb_handlers_isfrozen(h));
  return &h->status_;
}

void upb_handlers_clearerr(upb_handlers *h) {
  assert(!upb_handlers_isfrozen(h));
  upb_status_clear(&h->status_);
}

#define SETTER(name, handlerctype, handlertype) \
  bool upb_handlers_set ## name(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f, \
                                handlerctype func, upb_handlerattr *attr) { \
    int32_t sel = trygetsel(h, f, handlertype); \
    return doset(h, sel, f, handlertype, (upb_func*)func, attr); \
  }

SETTER(int32,       upb_int32_handlerfunc*,       UPB_HANDLER_INT32);
SETTER(int64,       upb_int64_handlerfunc*,       UPB_HANDLER_INT64);
SETTER(uint32,      upb_uint32_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_UINT32);
SETTER(uint64,      upb_uint64_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_UINT64);
SETTER(float,       upb_float_handlerfunc*,       UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT);
SETTER(double,      upb_double_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE);
SETTER(bool,        upb_bool_handlerfunc*,        UPB_HANDLER_BOOL);
SETTER(startstr,    upb_startstr_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
SETTER(string,      upb_string_handlerfunc*,      UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
SETTER(endstr,      upb_endfield_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
SETTER(startseq,    upb_startfield_handlerfunc*,  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ);
SETTER(startsubmsg, upb_startfield_handlerfunc*,  UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG);
SETTER(endsubmsg,   upb_endfield_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG);
SETTER(endseq,      upb_endfield_handlerfunc*,    UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);

#undef SETTER

bool upb_handlers_setstartmsg(upb_handlers *h, upb_startmsg_handlerfunc *func,
                              upb_handlerattr *attr) {
  return doset(h, UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR, NULL, UPB_HANDLER_INT32,
               (upb_func *)func, attr);
}

bool upb_handlers_setendmsg(upb_handlers *h, upb_endmsg_handlerfunc *func,
                            upb_handlerattr *attr) {
  assert(!upb_handlers_isfrozen(h));
  return doset(h, UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR, NULL, UPB_HANDLER_INT32,
               (upb_func *)func, attr);
}

bool upb_handlers_setsubhandlers(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f,
                                 const upb_handlers *sub) {
  assert(sub);
  assert(!upb_handlers_isfrozen(h));
  assert(upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f));
  if (SUBH_F(h, f)) return false;  // Can't reset.
  if (UPB_UPCAST(upb_handlers_msgdef(sub)) != upb_fielddef_subdef(f)) {
    return false;
  }
  SUBH_F(h, f) = sub;
  upb_ref2(sub, h);
  return true;
}

const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(const upb_handlers *h,
                                                const upb_fielddef *f) {
  assert(upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f));
  return SUBH_F(h, f);
}

bool upb_handlers_getattr(const upb_handlers *h, upb_selector_t sel,
                          upb_handlerattr *attr) {
  if (!upb_handlers_gethandler(h, sel))
    return false;
  *attr = h->table[sel].attr;
  return true;
}

const upb_handlers *upb_handlers_getsubhandlers_sel(const upb_handlers *h,
                                                    upb_selector_t sel) {
  // STARTSUBMSG selector in sel is the field's selector base.
  return SUBH(h, sel - UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT);
}

const upb_msgdef *upb_handlers_msgdef(const upb_handlers *h) { return h->msg; }

bool upb_handlers_addcleanup(upb_handlers *h, void *p, upb_handlerfree *func) {
  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&h->cleanup_, p, NULL)) {
    return false;
  }
  bool ok = upb_inttable_insertptr(&h->cleanup_, p, upb_value_fptr(func));
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
  return true;
}


/* "Static" methods ***********************************************************/

bool upb_handlers_freeze(upb_handlers *const*handlers, int n, upb_status *s) {
  // TODO: verify we have a transitive closure.
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    upb_handlers *h = handlers[i];

    if (!upb_ok(&h->status_)) {
      upb_status_seterrf(s, "handlers for message %s had error status: %s",
                         upb_msgdef_fullname(upb_handlers_msgdef(h)),
                         upb_status_errmsg(&h->status_));
      return false;
    }

    // Check that there are no closure mismatches due to missing Start* handlers
    // or subhandlers with different type-level types.
    upb_msg_iter j;
    for(upb_msg_begin(&j, h->msg); !upb_msg_done(&j); upb_msg_next(&j)) {

      const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&j);
      if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
        if (!checkstart(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ, s))
          return false;
      }

      if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f)) {
        if (!checkstart(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR, s))
          return false;
      }

      if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
        bool hashandler = false;
        if (upb_handlers_gethandler(
                h, handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG)) ||
            upb_handlers_gethandler(
                h, handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG))) {
          hashandler = true;
        }

        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f) &&
            (upb_handlers_gethandler(
                 h, handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ)) ||
             upb_handlers_gethandler(
                 h, handlers_getsel(h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ)))) {
          hashandler = true;
        }

        if (hashandler && !upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(h, f)) {
          // For now we add an empty subhandlers in this case.  It makes the
          // decoder code generator simpler, because it only has to handle two
          // cases (submessage has handlers or not) as opposed to three
          // (submessage has handlers in enclosing message but no subhandlers).
          //
          // This makes parsing less efficient in the case that we want to
          // notice a submessage but skip its contents (like if we're testing
          // for submessage presence or counting the number of repeated
          // submessages).  In this case we will end up parsing the submessage
          // field by field and throwing away the results for each, instead of
          // skipping the whole delimited thing at once.  If this is an issue we
          // can revisit it, but do remember that this only arises when you have
          // handlers (startseq/startsubmsg/endsubmsg/endseq) set for the
          // submessage but no subhandlers.  The uses cases for this are
          // limited.
          upb_handlers *sub = upb_handlers_new(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f), &sub);
          upb_handlers_setsubhandlers(h, f, sub);
          upb_handlers_unref(sub, &sub);
        }

        // TODO(haberman): check type of submessage.
        // This is slightly tricky; also consider whether we should check that
        // they match at setsubhandlers time.
      }
    }
  }

  if (!upb_refcounted_freeze((upb_refcounted*const*)handlers, n, s,
                             UPB_MAX_HANDLER_DEPTH)) {
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

upb_handlertype_t upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: return UPB_HANDLER_INT32;
    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: return UPB_HANDLER_INT64;
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: return UPB_HANDLER_UINT32;
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64: return UPB_HANDLER_UINT64;
    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT: return UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT;
    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE: return UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE;
    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL: return UPB_HANDLER_BOOL;
    default: assert(false); return -1;  // Invalid input.
  }
}

bool upb_handlers_getselector(const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type,
                              upb_selector_t *s) {
  switch (type) {
    case UPB_HANDLER_INT32:
    case UPB_HANDLER_INT64:
    case UPB_HANDLER_UINT32:
    case UPB_HANDLER_UINT64:
    case UPB_HANDLER_FLOAT:
    case UPB_HANDLER_DOUBLE:
    case UPB_HANDLER_BOOL:
      if (!upb_fielddef_isprimitive(f) ||
          upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f) != type)
        return false;
      *s = f->selector_base;
      break;
    case UPB_HANDLER_STRING:
      if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f)) {
        *s = f->selector_base;
      } else if (upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
        *s = f->selector_base + 3;
      } else {
        return false;
      }
      break;
    case UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR:
      if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f) || upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
        *s = f->selector_base + 1;
      } else {
        return false;
      }
      break;
    case UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR:
      if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f) || upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
        *s = f->selector_base + 2;
      } else {
        return false;
      }
      break;
    case UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ:
      if (!upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) return false;
      *s = f->selector_base - 2;
      break;
    case UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ:
      if (!upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) return false;
      *s = f->selector_base - 1;
      break;
    case UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG:
      if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) return false;
      // Selectors for STARTSUBMSG are at the beginning of the table so that the
      // selector can also be used as an index into the "sub" array of
      // subhandlers.  The indexes for the two into these two tables are the
      // same, except that in the handler table the static selectors come first.
      *s = f->index_ + UPB_STATIC_SELECTOR_COUNT;
      break;
    case UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG:
      if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) return false;
      *s = f->selector_base;
      break;
  }
  assert(*s < upb_fielddef_containingtype(f)->selector_count);
  return true;
}

uint32_t upb_handlers_selectorbaseoffset(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_fielddef_isseq(f) ? 2 : 0;
}

uint32_t upb_handlers_selectorcount(const upb_fielddef *f) {
  uint32_t ret = 1;
  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) ret += 2;    // STARTSEQ/ENDSEQ
  if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f)) ret += 2; // [STRING]/STARTSTR/ENDSTR
  if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
    // ENDSUBMSG (STARTSUBMSG is at table beginning)
    ret += 0;
    if (upb_fielddef_lazy(f)) {
      // STARTSTR/ENDSTR/STRING (for lazy)
      ret += 3;
    }
  }
  return ret;
}


/* upb_handlerattr ************************************************************/

void upb_handlerattr_init(upb_handlerattr *attr) {
  upb_handlerattr from = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INITIALIZER;
  memcpy(attr, &from, sizeof(*attr));
}

void upb_handlerattr_uninit(upb_handlerattr *attr) {
  UPB_UNUSED(attr);
}

bool upb_handlerattr_sethandlerdata(upb_handlerattr *attr, const void *hd) {
  attr->handler_data_ = hd;
  return true;
}

bool upb_handlerattr_setclosuretype(upb_handlerattr *attr, const void *type) {
  attr->closure_type_ = type;
  return true;
}

const void *upb_handlerattr_closuretype(const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
  return attr->closure_type_;
}

bool upb_handlerattr_setreturnclosuretype(upb_handlerattr *attr,
                                          const void *type) {
  attr->return_closure_type_ = type;
  return true;
}

const void *upb_handlerattr_returnclosuretype(const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
  return attr->return_closure_type_;
}

bool upb_handlerattr_setalwaysok(upb_handlerattr *attr, bool alwaysok) {
  attr->alwaysok_ = alwaysok;
  return true;
}

bool upb_handlerattr_alwaysok(const upb_handlerattr *attr) {
  return attr->alwaysok_;
}

/* upb_bufhandle **************************************************************/

size_t upb_bufhandle_objofs(const upb_bufhandle *h) {
  return h->objofs_;
}

/* upb_byteshandler ***********************************************************/

void upb_byteshandler_init(upb_byteshandler* h) {
  memset(h, 0, sizeof(*h));
}

// For when we support handlerfree callbacks.
void upb_byteshandler_uninit(upb_byteshandler* h) {
  UPB_UNUSED(h);
}

bool upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(upb_byteshandler *h,
                                  upb_startstr_handlerfunc *func, void *d) {
  h->table[UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR].func = (upb_func*)func;
  h->table[UPB_STARTSTR_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data_ = d;
  return true;
}

bool upb_byteshandler_setstring(upb_byteshandler *h,
                                upb_string_handlerfunc *func, void *d) {
  h->table[UPB_STRING_SELECTOR].func = (upb_func*)func;
  h->table[UPB_STRING_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data_ = d;
  return true;
}

bool upb_byteshandler_setendstr(upb_byteshandler *h,
                                upb_endfield_handlerfunc *func, void *d) {
  h->table[UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR].func = (upb_func*)func;
  h->table[UPB_ENDSTR_SELECTOR].attr.handler_data_ = d;
  return true;
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2012 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 *
 * Our key invariants are:
 * 1. reference cycles never span groups
 * 2. for ref2(to, from), we increment to's count iff group(from) != group(to)
 *
 * The previous two are how we avoid leaking cycles.  Other important
 * invariants are:
 * 3. for mutable objects "from" and "to", if there exists a ref2(to, from)
 *    this implies group(from) == group(to).  (In practice, what we implement
 *    is even stronger; "from" and "to" will share a group if there has *ever*
 *    been a ref2(to, from), but all that is necessary for correctness is the
 *    weaker one).
 * 4. mutable and immutable objects are never in the same group.
 */


#include <setjmp.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static void freeobj(upb_refcounted *o);

const char untracked_val;
const void *UPB_UNTRACKED_REF = &untracked_val;

/* arch-specific atomic primitives  *******************************************/

#ifdef UPB_THREAD_UNSAFE  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////

static void atomic_inc(uint32_t *a) { (*a)++; }
static bool atomic_dec(uint32_t *a) { return --(*a) == 0; }

#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__) //////////////////////////////////

static void atomic_inc(uint32_t *a) { __sync_fetch_and_add(a, 1); }
static bool atomic_dec(uint32_t *a) { return __sync_sub_and_fetch(a, 1) == 0; }

#elif defined(WIN32) ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include <Windows.h>

static void atomic_inc(upb_atomic_t *a) { InterlockedIncrement(&a->val); }
static bool atomic_dec(upb_atomic_t *a) {
  return InterlockedDecrement(&a->val) == 0;
}

#else
#error Atomic primitives not defined for your platform/CPU.  \
       Implement them or compile with UPB_THREAD_UNSAFE.
#endif

// All static objects point to this refcount.
// It is special-cased in ref/unref below.
uint32_t static_refcount = -1;

// We can avoid atomic ops for statically-declared objects.
// This is a minor optimization but nice since we can avoid degrading under
// contention in this case.

static void refgroup(uint32_t *group) {
  if (group != &static_refcount)
    atomic_inc(group);
}

static bool unrefgroup(uint32_t *group) {
  if (group == &static_refcount) {
    return false;
  } else {
    return atomic_dec(group);
  }
}


/* Reference tracking (debug only) ********************************************/

#ifdef UPB_DEBUG_REFS

#ifdef UPB_THREAD_UNSAFE

static void upb_lock() {}
static void upb_unlock() {}

#else

// User must define functions that lock/unlock a global mutex and link this
// file against them.
void upb_lock();
void upb_unlock();

#endif

// UPB_DEBUG_REFS mode counts on being able to malloc() memory in some
// code-paths that can normally never fail, like upb_refcounted_ref().  Since
// we have no way to propagage out-of-memory errors back to the user, and since
// these errors can only occur in UPB_DEBUG_REFS mode, we immediately fail.
#define CHECK_OOM(predicate) if (!(predicate)) { assert(predicate); exit(1); }

typedef struct {
  int count;  // How many refs there are (duplicates only allowed for ref2).
  bool is_ref2;
} trackedref;

static trackedref *trackedref_new(bool is_ref2) {
  trackedref *ret = malloc(sizeof(*ret));
  CHECK_OOM(ret);
  ret->count = 1;
  ret->is_ref2 = is_ref2;
  return ret;
}

static void track(const upb_refcounted *r, const void *owner, bool ref2) {
  assert(owner);
  if (owner == UPB_UNTRACKED_REF) return;

  upb_lock();
  upb_value v;
  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(r->refs, owner, &v)) {
    trackedref *ref = upb_value_getptr(v);
    // Since we allow multiple ref2's for the same to/from pair without
    // allocating separate memory for each one, we lose the fine-grained
    // tracking behavior we get with regular refs.  Since ref2s only happen
    // inside upb, we'll accept this limitation until/unless there is a really
    // difficult upb-internal bug that can't be figured out without it.
    assert(ref2);
    assert(ref->is_ref2);
    ref->count++;
  } else {
    trackedref *ref = trackedref_new(ref2);
    bool ok = upb_inttable_insertptr(r->refs, owner, upb_value_ptr(ref));
    CHECK_OOM(ok);
    if (ref2) {
      // We know this cast is safe when it is a ref2, because it's coming from
      // another refcounted object.
      const upb_refcounted *from = owner;
      assert(!upb_inttable_lookupptr(from->ref2s, r, NULL));
      ok = upb_inttable_insertptr(from->ref2s, r, upb_value_ptr(NULL));
      CHECK_OOM(ok);
    }
  }
  upb_unlock();
}

static void untrack(const upb_refcounted *r, const void *owner, bool ref2) {
  assert(owner);
  if (owner == UPB_UNTRACKED_REF) return;

  upb_lock();
  upb_value v;
  bool found = upb_inttable_lookupptr(r->refs, owner, &v);
  // This assert will fail if an owner attempts to release a ref it didn't have.
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(found, found);
  trackedref *ref = upb_value_getptr(v);
  assert(ref->is_ref2 == ref2);
  if (--ref->count == 0) {
    free(ref);
    upb_inttable_removeptr(r->refs, owner, NULL);
    if (ref2) {
      // We know this cast is safe when it is a ref2, because it's coming from
      // another refcounted object.
      const upb_refcounted *from = owner;
      bool removed = upb_inttable_removeptr(from->ref2s, r, NULL);
      assert(removed);
    }
  }
  upb_unlock();
}

static void checkref(const upb_refcounted *r, const void *owner, bool ref2) {
  upb_lock();
  upb_value v;
  bool found = upb_inttable_lookupptr(r->refs, owner, &v);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(found, found);
  trackedref *ref = upb_value_getptr(v);
  assert(ref->is_ref2 == ref2);
  upb_unlock();
}

// Populates the given UPB_CTYPE_INT32 inttable with counts of ref2's that
// originate from the given owner.
static void getref2s(const upb_refcounted *owner, upb_inttable *tab) {
  upb_lock();
  upb_inttable_iter i;
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, owner->ref2s);
  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    upb_refcounted *to = (upb_refcounted*)upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);

    // To get the count we need to look in the target's table.
    upb_value v;
    bool found = upb_inttable_lookupptr(to->refs, owner, &v);
    assert(found);
    trackedref *ref = upb_value_getptr(v);
    upb_value count = upb_value_int32(ref->count);

    bool ok = upb_inttable_insertptr(tab, to, count);
    CHECK_OOM(ok);
  }
  upb_unlock();
}

typedef struct {
  upb_inttable ref2;
  const upb_refcounted *obj;
} check_state;

static void visit_check(const upb_refcounted *obj, const upb_refcounted *subobj,
                        void *closure) {
  check_state *s = closure;
  assert(obj == s->obj);
  assert(subobj);
  upb_inttable *ref2 = &s->ref2;
  upb_value v;
  bool removed = upb_inttable_removeptr(ref2, subobj, &v);
  // The following assertion will fail if the visit() function visits a subobj
  // that it did not have a ref2 on, or visits the same subobj too many times.
  assert(removed);
  int32_t newcount = upb_value_getint32(v) - 1;
  if (newcount > 0) {
    upb_inttable_insert(ref2, (uintptr_t)subobj, upb_value_int32(newcount));
  }
}

static void visit(const upb_refcounted *r, upb_refcounted_visit *v,
                  void *closure) {
  // In DEBUG_REFS mode we know what existing ref2 refs there are, so we know
  // exactly the set of nodes that visit() should visit.  So we verify visit()'s
  // correctness here.
  check_state state;
  state.obj = r;
  bool ok = upb_inttable_init(&state.ref2, UPB_CTYPE_INT32);
  CHECK_OOM(ok);
  getref2s(r, &state.ref2);

  // This should visit any children in the ref2 table.
  if (r->vtbl->visit) r->vtbl->visit(r, visit_check, &state);

  // This assertion will fail if the visit() function missed any children.
  assert(upb_inttable_count(&state.ref2) == 0);
  upb_inttable_uninit(&state.ref2);
  if (r->vtbl->visit) r->vtbl->visit(r, v, closure);
}

static bool trackinit(upb_refcounted *r) {
  r->refs = malloc(sizeof(*r->refs));
  r->ref2s = malloc(sizeof(*r->ref2s));
  if (!r->refs || !r->ref2s) goto err1;

  if (!upb_inttable_init(r->refs, UPB_CTYPE_PTR)) goto err1;
  if (!upb_inttable_init(r->ref2s, UPB_CTYPE_PTR)) goto err2;
  return true;

err2:
  upb_inttable_uninit(r->refs);
err1:
  free(r->refs);
  free(r->ref2s);
  return false;
}

static void trackfree(const upb_refcounted *r) {
  upb_inttable_uninit(r->refs);
  upb_inttable_uninit(r->ref2s);
  free(r->refs);
  free(r->ref2s);
}

#else

static void track(const upb_refcounted *r, const void *owner, bool ref2) {
  UPB_UNUSED(r);
  UPB_UNUSED(owner);
  UPB_UNUSED(ref2);
}

static void untrack(const upb_refcounted *r, const void *owner, bool ref2) {
  UPB_UNUSED(r);
  UPB_UNUSED(owner);
  UPB_UNUSED(ref2);
}

static void checkref(const upb_refcounted *r, const void *owner, bool ref2) {
  UPB_UNUSED(r);
  UPB_UNUSED(owner);
  UPB_UNUSED(ref2);
}

static bool trackinit(upb_refcounted *r) {
  UPB_UNUSED(r);
  return true;
}

static void trackfree(const upb_refcounted *r) {
  UPB_UNUSED(r);
}

static void visit(const upb_refcounted *r, upb_refcounted_visit *v,
                  void *closure) {
  if (r->vtbl->visit) r->vtbl->visit(r, v, closure);
}

#endif  // UPB_DEBUG_REFS


/* freeze() *******************************************************************/

// The freeze() operation is by far the most complicated part of this scheme.
// We compute strongly-connected components and then mutate the graph such that
// we preserve the invariants documented at the top of this file.  And we must
// handle out-of-memory errors gracefully (without leaving the graph
// inconsistent), which adds to the fun.

// The state used by the freeze operation (shared across many functions).
typedef struct {
  int depth;
  int maxdepth;
  uint64_t index;
  // Maps upb_refcounted* -> attributes (color, etc).  attr layout varies by
  // color.
  upb_inttable objattr;
  upb_inttable stack;   // stack of upb_refcounted* for Tarjan's algorithm.
  upb_inttable groups;  // array of uint32_t*, malloc'd refcounts for new groups
  upb_status *status;
  jmp_buf err;
} tarjan;

static void release_ref2(const upb_refcounted *obj,
                         const upb_refcounted *subobj,
                         void *closure);

// Node attributes /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// After our analysis phase all nodes will be either GRAY or WHITE.

typedef enum {
  BLACK = 0,  // Object has not been seen.
  GRAY,   // Object has been found via a refgroup but may not be reachable.
  GREEN,  // Object is reachable and is currently on the Tarjan stack.
  WHITE,  // Object is reachable and has been assigned a group (SCC).
} color_t;

UPB_NORETURN static void err(tarjan *t) { longjmp(t->err, 1); }
UPB_NORETURN static void oom(tarjan *t) {
  upb_status_seterrmsg(t->status, "out of memory");
  err(t);
}

static uint64_t trygetattr(const tarjan *t, const upb_refcounted *r) {
  upb_value v;
  return upb_inttable_lookupptr(&t->objattr, r, &v) ?
      upb_value_getuint64(v) : 0;
}

static uint64_t getattr(const tarjan *t, const upb_refcounted *r) {
  upb_value v;
  bool found = upb_inttable_lookupptr(&t->objattr, r, &v);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(found, found);
  return upb_value_getuint64(v);
}

static void setattr(tarjan *t, const upb_refcounted *r, uint64_t attr) {
  upb_inttable_removeptr(&t->objattr, r, NULL);
  upb_inttable_insertptr(&t->objattr, r, upb_value_uint64(attr));
}

static color_t color(tarjan *t, const upb_refcounted *r) {
  return trygetattr(t, r) & 0x3;  // Color is always stored in the low 2 bits.
}

static void set_gray(tarjan *t, const upb_refcounted *r) {
  assert(color(t, r) == BLACK);
  setattr(t, r, GRAY);
}

// Pushes an obj onto the Tarjan stack and sets it to GREEN.
static void push(tarjan *t, const upb_refcounted *r) {
  assert(color(t, r) == BLACK || color(t, r) == GRAY);
  // This defines the attr layout for the GREEN state.  "index" and "lowlink"
  // get 31 bits, which is plenty (limit of 2B objects frozen at a time).
  setattr(t, r, GREEN | (t->index << 2) | (t->index << 33));
  if (++t->index == 0x80000000) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(t->status, "too many objects to freeze");
    err(t);
  }
  upb_inttable_push(&t->stack, upb_value_ptr((void*)r));
}

// Pops an obj from the Tarjan stack and sets it to WHITE, with a ptr to its
// SCC group.
static upb_refcounted *pop(tarjan *t) {
  upb_refcounted *r = upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_pop(&t->stack));
  assert(color(t, r) == GREEN);
  // This defines the attr layout for nodes in the WHITE state.
  // Top of group stack is [group, NULL]; we point at group.
  setattr(t, r, WHITE | (upb_inttable_count(&t->groups) - 2) << 8);
  return r;
}

static void tarjan_newgroup(tarjan *t) {
  uint32_t *group = malloc(sizeof(*group));
  if (!group) oom(t);
  // Push group and empty group leader (we'll fill in leader later).
  if (!upb_inttable_push(&t->groups, upb_value_ptr(group)) ||
      !upb_inttable_push(&t->groups, upb_value_ptr(NULL))) {
    free(group);
    oom(t);
  }
  *group = 0;
}

static uint32_t idx(tarjan *t, const upb_refcounted *r) {
  assert(color(t, r) == GREEN);
  return (getattr(t, r) >> 2) & 0x7FFFFFFF;
}

static uint32_t lowlink(tarjan *t, const upb_refcounted *r) {
  if (color(t, r) == GREEN) {
    return getattr(t, r) >> 33;
  } else {
    return UINT32_MAX;
  }
}

static void set_lowlink(tarjan *t, const upb_refcounted *r, uint32_t lowlink) {
  assert(color(t, r) == GREEN);
  setattr(t, r, ((uint64_t)lowlink << 33) | (getattr(t, r) & 0x1FFFFFFFF));
}

static uint32_t *group(tarjan *t, upb_refcounted *r) {
  assert(color(t, r) == WHITE);
  uint64_t groupnum = getattr(t, r) >> 8;
  upb_value v;
  bool found = upb_inttable_lookup(&t->groups, groupnum, &v);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(found, found);
  return upb_value_getptr(v);
}

// If the group leader for this object's group has not previously been set,
// the given object is assigned to be its leader.
static upb_refcounted *groupleader(tarjan *t, upb_refcounted *r) {
  assert(color(t, r) == WHITE);
  uint64_t leader_slot = (getattr(t, r) >> 8) + 1;
  upb_value v;
  bool found = upb_inttable_lookup(&t->groups, leader_slot, &v);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(found, found);
  if (upb_value_getptr(v)) {
    return upb_value_getptr(v);
  } else {
    upb_inttable_remove(&t->groups, leader_slot, NULL);
    upb_inttable_insert(&t->groups, leader_slot, upb_value_ptr(r));
    return r;
  }
}


// Tarjan's algorithm //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// See:
//   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan%27s_strongly_connected_components_algorithm
static void do_tarjan(const upb_refcounted *obj, tarjan *t);

static void tarjan_visit(const upb_refcounted *obj,
                         const upb_refcounted *subobj,
                         void *closure) {
  tarjan *t = closure;
  if (++t->depth > t->maxdepth) {
    upb_status_seterrf(t->status, "graph too deep to freeze (%d)", t->maxdepth);
    err(t);
  } else if (subobj->is_frozen || color(t, subobj) == WHITE) {
    // Do nothing: we don't want to visit or color already-frozen nodes,
    // and WHITE nodes have already been assigned a SCC.
  } else if (color(t, subobj) < GREEN) {
    // Subdef has not yet been visited; recurse on it.
    do_tarjan(subobj, t);
    set_lowlink(t, obj, UPB_MIN(lowlink(t, obj), lowlink(t, subobj)));
  } else if (color(t, subobj) == GREEN) {
    // Subdef is in the stack and hence in the current SCC.
    set_lowlink(t, obj, UPB_MIN(lowlink(t, obj), idx(t, subobj)));
  }
  --t->depth;
}

static void do_tarjan(const upb_refcounted *obj, tarjan *t) {
  if (color(t, obj) == BLACK) {
    // We haven't seen this object's group; mark the whole group GRAY.
    const upb_refcounted *o = obj;
    do { set_gray(t, o); } while ((o = o->next) != obj);
  }

  push(t, obj);
  visit(obj, tarjan_visit, t);
  if (lowlink(t, obj) == idx(t, obj)) {
    tarjan_newgroup(t);
    while (pop(t) != obj)
      ;
  }
}


// freeze() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

static void crossref(const upb_refcounted *r, const upb_refcounted *subobj,
                     void *_t) {
  tarjan *t = _t;
  assert(color(t, r) > BLACK);
  if (color(t, subobj) > BLACK && r->group != subobj->group) {
    // Previously this ref was not reflected in subobj->group because they
    // were in the same group; now that they are split a ref must be taken.
    refgroup(subobj->group);
  }
}

static bool freeze(upb_refcounted *const*roots, int n, upb_status *s,
                   int maxdepth) {
  volatile bool ret = false;

  // We run in two passes so that we can allocate all memory before performing
  // any mutation of the input -- this allows us to leave the input unchanged
  // in the case of memory allocation failure.
  tarjan t;
  t.index = 0;
  t.depth = 0;
  t.maxdepth = maxdepth;
  t.status = s;
  if (!upb_inttable_init(&t.objattr, UPB_CTYPE_UINT64)) goto err1;
  if (!upb_inttable_init(&t.stack, UPB_CTYPE_PTR)) goto err2;
  if (!upb_inttable_init(&t.groups, UPB_CTYPE_PTR)) goto err3;
  if (setjmp(t.err) != 0) goto err4;


  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    if (color(&t, roots[i]) < GREEN) {
      do_tarjan(roots[i], &t);
    }
  }

  // If we've made it this far, no further errors are possible so it's safe to
  // mutate the objects without risk of leaving them in an inconsistent state.
  ret = true;

  // The transformation that follows requires care.  The preconditions are:
  // - all objects in attr map are WHITE or GRAY, and are in mutable groups
  //   (groups of all mutable objs)
  // - no ref2(to, from) refs have incremented count(to) if both "to" and
  //   "from" are in our attr map (this follows from invariants (2) and (3))

  // Pass 1: we remove WHITE objects from their mutable groups, and add them to
  // new groups  according to the SCC's we computed.  These new groups will
  // consist of only frozen objects.  None will be immediately collectible,
  // because WHITE objects are by definition reachable from one of "roots",
  // which the caller must own refs on.
  upb_inttable_iter i;
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &t.objattr);
  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    upb_refcounted *obj = (upb_refcounted*)upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
    // Since removal from a singly-linked list requires access to the object's
    // predecessor, we consider obj->next instead of obj for moving.  With the
    // while() loop we guarantee that we will visit every node's predecessor.
    // Proof:
    //  1. every node's predecessor is in our attr map.
    //  2. though the loop body may change a node's predecessor, it will only
    //     change it to be the node we are currently operating on, so with a
    //     while() loop we guarantee ourselves the chance to remove each node.
    while (color(&t, obj->next) == WHITE &&
           group(&t, obj->next) != obj->next->group) {
      // Remove from old group.
      upb_refcounted *move = obj->next;
      if (obj == move) {
        // Removing the last object from a group.
        assert(*obj->group == obj->individual_count);
        free(obj->group);
      } else {
        obj->next = move->next;
        // This may decrease to zero; we'll collect GRAY objects (if any) that
        // remain in the group in the third pass.
        assert(*move->group >= move->individual_count);
        *move->group -= move->individual_count;
      }

      // Add to new group.
      upb_refcounted *leader = groupleader(&t, move);
      if (move == leader) {
        // First object added to new group is its leader.
        move->group = group(&t, move);
        move->next = move;
        *move->group = move->individual_count;
      } else {
        // Group already has at least one object in it.
        assert(leader->group == group(&t, move));
        move->group = group(&t, move);
        move->next = leader->next;
        leader->next = move;
        *move->group += move->individual_count;
      }

      move->is_frozen = true;
    }
  }

  // Pass 2: GRAY and WHITE objects "obj" with ref2(to, obj) references must
  // increment count(to) if group(obj) != group(to) (which could now be the
  // case if "to" was just frozen).
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &t.objattr);
  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    upb_refcounted *obj = (upb_refcounted*)upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
    visit(obj, crossref, &t);
  }

  // Pass 3: GRAY objects are collected if their group's refcount dropped to
  // zero when we removed its white nodes.  This can happen if they had only
  // been kept alive by virtue of sharing a group with an object that was just
  // frozen.
  //
  // It is important that we do this last, since the GRAY object's free()
  // function could call unref2() on just-frozen objects, which will decrement
  // refs that were added in pass 2.
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &t.objattr);
  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    upb_refcounted *obj = (upb_refcounted*)upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
    if (obj->group == NULL || *obj->group == 0) {
      if (obj->group) {
        // We eagerly free() the group's count (since we can't easily determine
        // the group's remaining size it's the easiest way to ensure it gets
        // done).
        free(obj->group);

        // Visit to release ref2's (done in a separate pass since release_ref2
        // depends on o->group being unmodified so it can test merged()).
        upb_refcounted *o = obj;
        do { visit(o, release_ref2, NULL); } while ((o = o->next) != obj);

        // Mark "group" fields as NULL so we know to free the objects later in
        // this loop, but also don't try to delete the group twice.
        o = obj;
        do { o->group = NULL; } while ((o = o->next) != obj);
      }
      freeobj(obj);
    }
  }

err4:
  if (!ret) {
    upb_inttable_begin(&i, &t.groups);
    for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i))
      free(upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i)));
  }
  upb_inttable_uninit(&t.groups);
err3:
  upb_inttable_uninit(&t.stack);
err2:
  upb_inttable_uninit(&t.objattr);
err1:
  return ret;
}


/* Misc internal functions  ***************************************************/

static bool merged(const upb_refcounted *r, const upb_refcounted *r2) {
  return r->group == r2->group;
}

static void merge(upb_refcounted *r, upb_refcounted *from) {
  if (merged(r, from)) return;
  *r->group += *from->group;
  free(from->group);
  upb_refcounted *base = from;

  // Set all refcount pointers in the "from" chain to the merged refcount.
  //
  // TODO(haberman): this linear algorithm can result in an overall O(n^2) bound
  // if the user continuously extends a group by one object.  Prevent this by
  // using one of the techniques in this paper:
  //     ftp://www.ncedc.org/outgoing/geomorph/dino/orals/p245-tarjan.pdf
  do { from->group = r->group; } while ((from = from->next) != base);

  // Merge the two circularly linked lists by swapping their next pointers.
  upb_refcounted *tmp = r->next;
  r->next = base->next;
  base->next = tmp;
}

static void unref(const upb_refcounted *r);

static void release_ref2(const upb_refcounted *obj,
                         const upb_refcounted *subobj,
                         void *closure) {
  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
  untrack(subobj, obj, true);
  if (!merged(obj, subobj)) {
    assert(subobj->is_frozen);
    unref(subobj);
  }
}

static void unref(const upb_refcounted *r) {
  if (unrefgroup(r->group)) {
    free(r->group);

    // In two passes, since release_ref2 needs a guarantee that any subobjs
    // are alive.
    const upb_refcounted *o = r;
    do { visit(o, release_ref2, NULL); } while((o = o->next) != r);

    o = r;
    do {
      const upb_refcounted *next = o->next;
      assert(o->is_frozen || o->individual_count == 0);
      freeobj((upb_refcounted*)o);
      o = next;
    } while(o != r);
  }
}

static void freeobj(upb_refcounted *o) {
  trackfree(o);
  o->vtbl->free((upb_refcounted*)o);
}


/* Public interface ***********************************************************/

bool upb_refcounted_init(upb_refcounted *r,
                         const struct upb_refcounted_vtbl *vtbl,
                         const void *owner) {
  r->next = r;
  r->vtbl = vtbl;
  r->individual_count = 0;
  r->is_frozen = false;
  r->group = malloc(sizeof(*r->group));
  if (!r->group) return false;
  *r->group = 0;
  if (!trackinit(r)) {
    free(r->group);
    return false;
  }
  upb_refcounted_ref(r, owner);
  return true;
}

bool upb_refcounted_isfrozen(const upb_refcounted *r) {
  return r->is_frozen;
}

void upb_refcounted_ref(const upb_refcounted *r, const void *owner) {
  track(r, owner, false);
  if (!r->is_frozen)
    ((upb_refcounted*)r)->individual_count++;
  refgroup(r->group);
}

void upb_refcounted_unref(const upb_refcounted *r, const void *owner) {
  untrack(r, owner, false);
  if (!r->is_frozen)
    ((upb_refcounted*)r)->individual_count--;
  unref(r);
}

void upb_refcounted_ref2(const upb_refcounted *r, upb_refcounted *from) {
  assert(!from->is_frozen);  // Non-const pointer implies this.
  track(r, from, true);
  if (r->is_frozen) {
    refgroup(r->group);
  } else {
    merge((upb_refcounted*)r, from);
  }
}

void upb_refcounted_unref2(const upb_refcounted *r, upb_refcounted *from) {
  assert(!from->is_frozen);  // Non-const pointer implies this.
  untrack(r, from, true);
  if (r->is_frozen) {
    unref(r);
  } else {
    assert(merged(r, from));
  }
}

void upb_refcounted_donateref(
    const upb_refcounted *r, const void *from, const void *to) {
  assert(from != to);
  if (to != NULL)
    upb_refcounted_ref(r, to);
  if (from != NULL)
    upb_refcounted_unref(r, from);
}

void upb_refcounted_checkref(const upb_refcounted *r, const void *owner) {
  checkref(r, owner, false);
}

bool upb_refcounted_freeze(upb_refcounted *const*roots, int n, upb_status *s,
                           int maxdepth) {
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    assert(!roots[i]->is_frozen);
  }
  return freeze(roots, n, s, maxdepth);
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2013 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 */


#include <stdlib.h>

// Fallback implementation if the shim is not specialized by the JIT.
#define SHIM_WRITER(type, ctype)                                              \
  bool upb_shim_set ## type (void *c, const void *hd, ctype val) {            \
    uint8_t *m = c;                                                           \
    const upb_shim_data *d = hd;                                              \
    if (d->hasbit > 0)                                                        \
      *(uint8_t*)&m[d->hasbit / 8] |= 1 << (d->hasbit % 8);                   \
    *(ctype*)&m[d->offset] = val;                                             \
    return true;                                                              \
  }                                                                           \

SHIM_WRITER(double, double)
SHIM_WRITER(float,  float)
SHIM_WRITER(int32,  int32_t)
SHIM_WRITER(int64,  int64_t)
SHIM_WRITER(uint32, uint32_t)
SHIM_WRITER(uint64, uint64_t)
SHIM_WRITER(bool,   bool)
#undef SHIM_WRITER

bool upb_shim_set(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f, size_t offset,
                  int32_t hasbit) {
  upb_shim_data *d = malloc(sizeof(*d));
  if (!d) return false;
  d->offset = offset;
  d->hasbit = hasbit;

  upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INITIALIZER;
  upb_handlerattr_sethandlerdata(&attr, d);
  upb_handlerattr_setalwaysok(&attr, true);
  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, d, free);

#define TYPE(u, l) \
  case UPB_TYPE_##u: \
    ok = upb_handlers_set##l(h, f, upb_shim_set##l, &attr); break;

  bool ok = false;

  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
    TYPE(INT64,  int64);
    TYPE(INT32,  int32);
    TYPE(ENUM,   int32);
    TYPE(UINT64, uint64);
    TYPE(UINT32, uint32);
    TYPE(DOUBLE, double);
    TYPE(FLOAT,  float);
    TYPE(BOOL,   bool);
    default: assert(false); break;
  }
#undef TYPE

  upb_handlerattr_uninit(&attr);
  return ok;
}

const upb_shim_data *upb_shim_getdata(const upb_handlers *h, upb_selector_t s,
                                      upb_fieldtype_t *type) {
  upb_func *f = upb_handlers_gethandler(h, s);

  if ((upb_int64_handlerfunc*)f == upb_shim_setint64) {
    *type = UPB_TYPE_INT64;
  } else if ((upb_int32_handlerfunc*)f == upb_shim_setint32) {
    *type = UPB_TYPE_INT32;
  } else if ((upb_uint64_handlerfunc*)f == upb_shim_setuint64) {
    *type = UPB_TYPE_UINT64;
  } else if ((upb_uint32_handlerfunc*)f == upb_shim_setuint32) {
    *type = UPB_TYPE_UINT32;
  } else if ((upb_double_handlerfunc*)f == upb_shim_setdouble) {
    *type = UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE;
  } else if ((upb_float_handlerfunc*)f == upb_shim_setfloat) {
    *type = UPB_TYPE_FLOAT;
  } else if ((upb_bool_handlerfunc*)f == upb_shim_setbool) {
    *type = UPB_TYPE_BOOL;
  } else {
    return NULL;
  }

  return (const upb_shim_data*)upb_handlers_gethandlerdata(h, s);
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2012 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 */


#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

bool upb_symtab_isfrozen(const upb_symtab *s) {
  return upb_refcounted_isfrozen(UPB_UPCAST(s));
}

void upb_symtab_ref(const upb_symtab *s, const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_ref(UPB_UPCAST(s), owner);
}

void upb_symtab_unref(const upb_symtab *s, const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_unref(UPB_UPCAST(s), owner);
}

void upb_symtab_donateref(
    const upb_symtab *s, const void *from, const void *to) {
  upb_refcounted_donateref(UPB_UPCAST(s), from, to);
}

void upb_symtab_checkref(const upb_symtab *s, const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_checkref(UPB_UPCAST(s), owner);
}

static void upb_symtab_free(upb_refcounted *r) {
  upb_symtab *s = (upb_symtab*)r;
  upb_strtable_iter i;
  upb_strtable_begin(&i, &s->symtab);
  for (; !upb_strtable_done(&i); upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
    const upb_def *def = upb_value_getptr(upb_strtable_iter_value(&i));
    upb_def_unref(def, s);
  }
  upb_strtable_uninit(&s->symtab);
  free(s);
}


upb_symtab *upb_symtab_new(const void *owner) {
  static const struct upb_refcounted_vtbl vtbl = {NULL, &upb_symtab_free};
  upb_symtab *s = malloc(sizeof(*s));
  upb_refcounted_init(UPB_UPCAST(s), &vtbl, owner);
  upb_strtable_init(&s->symtab, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
  return s;
}

void upb_symtab_freeze(upb_symtab *s) {
  assert(!upb_symtab_isfrozen(s));
  upb_refcounted *r = UPB_UPCAST(s);
  // The symtab does not take ref2's (see refcounted.h) on the defs, because
  // defs cannot refer back to the table and therefore cannot create cycles.  So
  // 0 will suffice for maxdepth here.
  bool ok = upb_refcounted_freeze(&r, 1, NULL, 0);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
}

const upb_def *upb_symtab_lookup(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym) {
  upb_value v;
  upb_def *ret = upb_strtable_lookup(&s->symtab, sym, &v) ?
      upb_value_getptr(v) : NULL;
  return ret;
}

const upb_msgdef *upb_symtab_lookupmsg(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym) {
  upb_value v;
  upb_def *def = upb_strtable_lookup(&s->symtab, sym, &v) ?
      upb_value_getptr(v) : NULL;
  return def ? upb_dyncast_msgdef(def) : NULL;
}

const upb_enumdef *upb_symtab_lookupenum(const upb_symtab *s, const char *sym) {
  upb_value v;
  upb_def *def = upb_strtable_lookup(&s->symtab, sym, &v) ?
      upb_value_getptr(v) : NULL;
  return def ? upb_dyncast_enumdef(def) : NULL;
}

// Given a symbol and the base symbol inside which it is defined, find the
// symbol's definition in t.
static upb_def *upb_resolvename(const upb_strtable *t,
                                const char *base, const char *sym) {
  if(strlen(sym) == 0) return NULL;
  if(sym[0] == '.') {
    // Symbols starting with '.' are absolute, so we do a single lookup.
    // Slice to omit the leading '.'
    upb_value v;
    return upb_strtable_lookup(t, sym + 1, &v) ? upb_value_getptr(v) : NULL;
  } else {
    // Remove components from base until we find an entry or run out.
    // TODO: This branch is totally broken, but currently not used.
    (void)base;
    assert(false);
    return NULL;
  }
}

const upb_def *upb_symtab_resolve(const upb_symtab *s, const char *base,
                                  const char *sym) {
  upb_def *ret = upb_resolvename(&s->symtab, base, sym);
  return ret;
}

// Searches def and its children to find defs that have the same name as any
// def in "addtab."  Returns true if any where found, and as a side-effect adds
// duplicates of these defs into addtab.
//
// We use a modified depth-first traversal that traverses each SCC (which we
// already computed) as if it were a single node.  This allows us to traverse
// the possibly-cyclic graph as if it were a DAG and to dup the correct set of
// nodes with O(n) time.
static bool upb_resolve_dfs(const upb_def *def, upb_strtable *addtab,
                            const void *new_owner, upb_inttable *seen,
                            upb_status *s) {
  // Memoize results of this function for efficiency (since we're traversing a
  // DAG this is not needed to limit the depth of the search).
  upb_value v;
  if (upb_inttable_lookup(seen, (uintptr_t)def, &v))
    return upb_value_getbool(v);

  // Visit submessages for all messages in the SCC.
  bool need_dup = false;
  const upb_def *base = def;
  do {
    assert(upb_def_isfrozen(def));
    if (def->type == UPB_DEF_FIELD) continue;
    upb_value v;
    if (upb_strtable_lookup(addtab, upb_def_fullname(def), &v)) {
      need_dup = true;
    }

    // For messages, continue the recursion by visiting all subdefs.
    const upb_msgdef *m = upb_dyncast_msgdef(def);
    if (m) {
      upb_msg_iter i;
      for(upb_msg_begin(&i, m); !upb_msg_done(&i); upb_msg_next(&i)) {
        upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
        if (!upb_fielddef_hassubdef(f)) continue;
        // |= to avoid short-circuit; we need its side-effects.
        need_dup |= upb_resolve_dfs(
            upb_fielddef_subdef(f), addtab, new_owner, seen, s);
        if (!upb_ok(s)) return false;
      }
    }
  } while ((def = (upb_def*)def->base.next) != base);

  if (need_dup) {
    // Dup any defs that don't already have entries in addtab.
    def = base;
    do {
      if (def->type == UPB_DEF_FIELD) continue;
      const char *name = upb_def_fullname(def);
      if (!upb_strtable_lookup(addtab, name, NULL)) {
        upb_def *newdef = upb_def_dup(def, new_owner);
        if (!newdef) goto oom;
        newdef->came_from_user = false;
        if (!upb_strtable_insert(addtab, name, upb_value_ptr(newdef)))
          goto oom;
      }
    } while ((def = (upb_def*)def->base.next) != base);
  }

  upb_inttable_insert(seen, (uintptr_t)def, upb_value_bool(need_dup));
  return need_dup;

oom:
  upb_status_seterrmsg(s, "out of memory");
  return false;
}

// TODO(haberman): we need a lot more testing of error conditions.
// The came_from_user stuff in particular is not tested.
bool upb_symtab_add(upb_symtab *s, upb_def *const*defs, int n, void *ref_donor,
                    upb_status *status) {
  assert(!upb_symtab_isfrozen(s));
  upb_def **add_defs = NULL;
  upb_strtable addtab;
  if (!upb_strtable_init(&addtab, UPB_CTYPE_PTR)) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "out of memory");
    return false;
  }

  // Add new defs to our "add" set.
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    upb_def *def = defs[i];
    if (upb_def_isfrozen(def)) {
      upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "added defs must be mutable");
      goto err;
    }
    assert(!upb_def_isfrozen(def));
    const char *fullname = upb_def_fullname(def);
    if (!fullname) {
      upb_status_seterrmsg(
          status, "Anonymous defs cannot be added to a symtab");
      goto err;
    }

    upb_fielddef *f = upb_dyncast_fielddef_mutable(def);

    if (f) {
      if (!upb_fielddef_containingtypename(f)) {
        upb_status_seterrmsg(status,
                             "Standalone fielddefs must have a containing type "
                             "(extendee) name set");
        goto err;
      }
    } else {
      if (upb_strtable_lookup(&addtab, fullname, NULL)) {
        upb_status_seterrf(status, "Conflicting defs named '%s'", fullname);
        goto err;
      }
      // We need this to back out properly, because if there is a failure we
      // need to donate the ref back to the caller.
      def->came_from_user = true;
      upb_def_donateref(def, ref_donor, s);
      if (!upb_strtable_insert(&addtab, fullname, upb_value_ptr(def)))
        goto oom_err;
    }
  }

  // Add standalone fielddefs (ie. extensions) to the appropriate messages.
  // If the appropriate message only exists in the existing symtab, duplicate
  // it so we have a mutable copy we can add the fields to.
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    upb_def *def = defs[i];
    upb_fielddef *f = upb_dyncast_fielddef_mutable(def);
    if (!f) continue;
    const char *msgname = upb_fielddef_containingtypename(f);
    // We validated this earlier in this function.
    assert(msgname);

    // If the extendee name is absolutely qualified, move past the initial ".".
    // TODO(haberman): it is not obvious what it would mean if this was not
    // absolutely qualified.
    if (msgname[0] == '.') {
      msgname++;
    }

    upb_value v;
    upb_msgdef *m;
    if (upb_strtable_lookup(&addtab, msgname, &v)) {
      // Extendee is in the set of defs the user asked us to add.
      m = upb_value_getptr(v);
    } else {
      // Need to find and dup the extendee from the existing symtab.
      const upb_msgdef *frozen_m = upb_symtab_lookupmsg(s, msgname);
      if (!frozen_m) {
        upb_status_seterrf(status,
                           "Tried to extend message %s that does not exist "
                           "in this SymbolTable.",
                           msgname);
        goto err;
      }
      m = upb_msgdef_dup(frozen_m, s);
      if (!m) goto oom_err;
      if (!upb_strtable_insert(&addtab, msgname, upb_value_ptr(m))) {
        upb_msgdef_unref(m, s);
        goto oom_err;
      }
    }

    if (!upb_msgdef_addfield(m, f, ref_donor, status)) {
      goto err;
    }
  }

  // Add dups of any existing def that can reach a def with the same name as
  // anything in our "add" set.
  upb_inttable seen;
  if (!upb_inttable_init(&seen, UPB_CTYPE_BOOL)) goto oom_err;
  upb_strtable_iter i;
  upb_strtable_begin(&i, &s->symtab);
  for (; !upb_strtable_done(&i); upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
    upb_def *def = upb_value_getptr(upb_strtable_iter_value(&i));
    upb_resolve_dfs(def, &addtab, s, &seen, status);
    if (!upb_ok(status)) goto err;
  }
  upb_inttable_uninit(&seen);

  // Now using the table, resolve symbolic references for subdefs.
  upb_strtable_begin(&i, &addtab);
  for (; !upb_strtable_done(&i); upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
    upb_def *def = upb_value_getptr(upb_strtable_iter_value(&i));
    upb_msgdef *m = upb_dyncast_msgdef_mutable(def);
    if (!m) continue;
    // Type names are resolved relative to the message in which they appear.
    const char *base = upb_msgdef_fullname(m);

    upb_msg_iter j;
    for(upb_msg_begin(&j, m); !upb_msg_done(&j); upb_msg_next(&j)) {
      upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&j);
      const char *name = upb_fielddef_subdefname(f);
      if (name && !upb_fielddef_subdef(f)) {
        // Try the lookup in the current set of to-be-added defs first. If not
        // there, try existing defs.
        upb_def *subdef = upb_resolvename(&addtab, base, name);
        if (subdef == NULL) {
          subdef = upb_resolvename(&s->symtab, base, name);
        }
        if (subdef == NULL) {
          upb_status_seterrf(
              status, "couldn't resolve name '%s' in message '%s'", name, base);
          goto err;
        } else if (!upb_fielddef_setsubdef(f, subdef, status)) {
          goto err;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // We need an array of the defs in addtab, for passing to upb_def_freeze.
  add_defs = malloc(sizeof(void*) * upb_strtable_count(&addtab));
  if (add_defs == NULL) goto oom_err;
  upb_strtable_begin(&i, &addtab);
  for (n = 0; !upb_strtable_done(&i); upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
    add_defs[n++] = upb_value_getptr(upb_strtable_iter_value(&i));
  }

  if (!upb_def_freeze(add_defs, n, status)) goto err;

  // This must be delayed until all errors have been detected, since error
  // recovery code uses this table to cleanup defs.
  upb_strtable_uninit(&addtab);

  // TODO(haberman) we don't properly handle errors after this point (like
  // OOM in upb_strtable_insert() below).
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    upb_def *def = add_defs[i];
    const char *name = upb_def_fullname(def);
    upb_value v;
    if (upb_strtable_remove(&s->symtab, name, &v)) {
      const upb_def *def = upb_value_getptr(v);
      upb_def_unref(def, s);
    }
    bool success = upb_strtable_insert(&s->symtab, name, upb_value_ptr(def));
    UPB_ASSERT_VAR(success, success == true);
  }
  free(add_defs);
  return true;

oom_err:
  upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "out of memory");
err: {
    // For defs the user passed in, we need to donate the refs back.  For defs
    // we dup'd, we need to just unref them.
    upb_strtable_iter i;
    upb_strtable_begin(&i, &addtab);
    for (; !upb_strtable_done(&i); upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
      upb_def *def = upb_value_getptr(upb_strtable_iter_value(&i));
      bool came_from_user = def->came_from_user;
      def->came_from_user = false;
      if (came_from_user) {
        upb_def_donateref(def, s, ref_donor);
      } else {
        upb_def_unref(def, s);
      }
    }
  }
  upb_strtable_uninit(&addtab);
  free(add_defs);
  assert(!upb_ok(status));
  return false;
}

// Iteration.

static void advance_to_matching(upb_symtab_iter *iter) {
  if (iter->type == UPB_DEF_ANY)
    return;

  while (!upb_strtable_done(&iter->iter) &&
         iter->type != upb_symtab_iter_def(iter)->type) {
    upb_strtable_next(&iter->iter);
  }
}

void upb_symtab_begin(upb_symtab_iter *iter, const upb_symtab *s,
                      upb_deftype_t type) {
  upb_strtable_begin(&iter->iter, &s->symtab);
  iter->type = type;
  advance_to_matching(iter);
}

void upb_symtab_next(upb_symtab_iter *iter) {
  upb_strtable_next(&iter->iter);
  advance_to_matching(iter);
}

bool upb_symtab_done(const upb_symtab_iter *iter) {
  return upb_strtable_done(&iter->iter);
}

const upb_def *upb_symtab_iter_def(const upb_symtab_iter *iter) {
  return upb_value_getptr(upb_strtable_iter_value(&iter->iter));
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 *
 * Implementation is heavily inspired by Lua's ltable.c.
 */


#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define UPB_MAXARRSIZE 16  // 64k.

// From Chromium.
#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) \
    ((sizeof(x)/sizeof(0[x])) / ((size_t)(!(sizeof(x) % sizeof(0[x])))))

static const double MAX_LOAD = 0.85;

// The minimum utilization of the array part of a mixed hash/array table.  This
// is a speed/memory-usage tradeoff (though it's not straightforward because of
// cache effects).  The lower this is, the more memory we'll use.
static const double MIN_DENSITY = 0.1;

bool is_pow2(uint64_t v) { return v == 0 || (v & (v - 1)) == 0; }

int log2ceil(uint64_t v) {
  int ret = 0;
  bool pow2 = is_pow2(v);
  while (v >>= 1) ret++;
  ret = pow2 ? ret : ret + 1;  // Ceiling.
  return UPB_MIN(UPB_MAXARRSIZE, ret);
}

char *upb_strdup(const char *s) {
  return upb_strdup2(s, strlen(s));
}

char *upb_strdup2(const char *s, size_t len) {
  // Always null-terminate, even if binary data; but don't rely on the input to
  // have a null-terminating byte since it may be a raw binary buffer.
  size_t n = len + 1;
  char *p = malloc(n);
  if (p) {
    memcpy(p, s, len);
    p[len] = 0;
  }
  return p;
}

// A type to represent the lookup key of either a strtable or an inttable.
typedef struct {
  upb_tabkey key;
} lookupkey_t;

static lookupkey_t strkey2(const char *str, size_t len) {
  lookupkey_t k;
  k.key.s.str = (char*)str;
  k.key.s.length = len;
  return k;
}

static lookupkey_t intkey(uintptr_t key) {
  lookupkey_t k;
  k.key = upb_intkey(key);
  return k;
}

typedef uint32_t hashfunc_t(upb_tabkey key);
typedef bool eqlfunc_t(upb_tabkey k1, lookupkey_t k2);

/* Base table (shared code) ***************************************************/

// For when we need to cast away const.
static upb_tabent *mutable_entries(upb_table *t) {
  return (upb_tabent*)t->entries;
}

static bool isfull(upb_table *t) {
  return (double)(t->count + 1) / upb_table_size(t) > MAX_LOAD;
}

static bool init(upb_table *t, upb_ctype_t ctype, uint8_t size_lg2) {
  t->count = 0;
  t->ctype = ctype;
  t->size_lg2 = size_lg2;
  t->mask = upb_table_size(t) ? upb_table_size(t) - 1 : 0;
  size_t bytes = upb_table_size(t) * sizeof(upb_tabent);
  if (bytes > 0) {
    t->entries = malloc(bytes);
    if (!t->entries) return false;
    memset(mutable_entries(t), 0, bytes);
  } else {
    t->entries = NULL;
  }
  return true;
}

static void uninit(upb_table *t) { free(mutable_entries(t)); }

static upb_tabent *emptyent(upb_table *t) {
  upb_tabent *e = mutable_entries(t) + upb_table_size(t);
  while (1) { if (upb_tabent_isempty(--e)) return e; assert(e > t->entries); }
}

static upb_tabent *getentry_mutable(upb_table *t, uint32_t hash) {
  return (upb_tabent*)upb_getentry(t, hash);
}

static const upb_tabent *findentry(const upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key,
                                   uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
  if (t->size_lg2 == 0) return NULL;
  const upb_tabent *e = upb_getentry(t, hash);
  if (upb_tabent_isempty(e)) return NULL;
  while (1) {
    if (eql(e->key, key)) return e;
    if ((e = e->next) == NULL) return NULL;
  }
}

static upb_tabent *findentry_mutable(upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key,
                                     uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
  return (upb_tabent*)findentry(t, key, hash, eql);
}

static bool lookup(const upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key, upb_value *v,
                   uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
  const upb_tabent *e = findentry(t, key, hash, eql);
  if (e) {
    if (v) {
      _upb_value_setval(v, e->val, t->ctype);
    }
    return true;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
}

// The given key must not already exist in the table.
static void insert(upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key, upb_value val,
                   uint32_t hash, hashfunc_t *hashfunc, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
  UPB_UNUSED(eql);
  assert(findentry(t, key, hash, eql) == NULL);
  assert(val.ctype == t->ctype);
  t->count++;
  upb_tabent *mainpos_e = getentry_mutable(t, hash);
  upb_tabent *our_e = mainpos_e;
  if (upb_tabent_isempty(mainpos_e)) {
    // Our main position is empty; use it.
    our_e->next = NULL;
  } else {
    // Collision.
    upb_tabent *new_e = emptyent(t);
    // Head of collider's chain.
    upb_tabent *chain = getentry_mutable(t, hashfunc(mainpos_e->key));
    if (chain == mainpos_e) {
      // Existing ent is in its main posisiton (it has the same hash as us, and
      // is the head of our chain).  Insert to new ent and append to this chain.
      new_e->next = mainpos_e->next;
      mainpos_e->next = new_e;
      our_e = new_e;
    } else {
      // Existing ent is not in its main position (it is a node in some other
      // chain).  This implies that no existing ent in the table has our hash.
      // Evict it (updating its chain) and use its ent for head of our chain.
      *new_e = *mainpos_e;  // copies next.
      while (chain->next != mainpos_e) {
        chain = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
        assert(chain);
      }
      chain->next = new_e;
      our_e = mainpos_e;
      our_e->next = NULL;
    }
  }
  our_e->key = key.key;
  our_e->val = val.val;
  assert(findentry(t, key, hash, eql) == our_e);
}

static bool rm(upb_table *t, lookupkey_t key, upb_value *val,
               upb_tabkey *removed, uint32_t hash, eqlfunc_t *eql) {
  upb_tabent *chain = getentry_mutable(t, hash);
  if (upb_tabent_isempty(chain)) return false;
  if (eql(chain->key, key)) {
    // Element to remove is at the head of its chain.
    t->count--;
    if (val) {
      _upb_value_setval(val, chain->val, t->ctype);
    }
    if (chain->next) {
      upb_tabent *move = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
      *chain = *move;
      if (removed) *removed = move->key;
      move->key.num = 0;  // Make the slot empty.
    } else {
      if (removed) *removed = chain->key;
      chain->key.num = 0;  // Make the slot empty.
    }
    return true;
  } else {
    // Element to remove is either in a non-head position or not in the table.
    while (chain->next && !eql(chain->next->key, key))
      chain = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
    if (chain->next) {
      // Found element to remove.
      if (val) {
        _upb_value_setval(val, chain->next->val, t->ctype);
      }
      upb_tabent *rm = (upb_tabent*)chain->next;
      if (removed) *removed = rm->key;
      rm->key.num = 0;
      chain->next = rm->next;
      t->count--;
      return true;
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  }
}

static size_t next(const upb_table *t, size_t i) {
  do {
    if (++i >= upb_table_size(t))
      return SIZE_MAX;
  } while(upb_tabent_isempty(&t->entries[i]));

  return i;
}

static size_t begin(const upb_table *t) {
  return next(t, -1);
}


/* upb_strtable ***************************************************************/

// A simple "subclass" of upb_table that only adds a hash function for strings.

static uint32_t strhash(upb_tabkey key) {
  return MurmurHash2(key.s.str, key.s.length, 0);
}

static bool streql(upb_tabkey k1, lookupkey_t k2) {
  return k1.s.length == k2.key.s.length &&
         memcmp(k1.s.str, k2.key.s.str, k1.s.length) == 0;
}

bool upb_strtable_init(upb_strtable *t, upb_ctype_t ctype) {
  return init(&t->t, ctype, 2);
}

void upb_strtable_uninit(upb_strtable *t) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < upb_table_size(&t->t); i++)
    free((void*)t->t.entries[i].key.s.str);
  uninit(&t->t);
}

bool upb_strtable_resize(upb_strtable *t, size_t size_lg2) {
  upb_strtable new_table;
  if (!init(&new_table.t, t->t.ctype, size_lg2))
    return false;
  upb_strtable_iter i;
  upb_strtable_begin(&i, t);
  for ( ; !upb_strtable_done(&i); upb_strtable_next(&i)) {
    upb_strtable_insert2(
        &new_table,
        upb_strtable_iter_key(&i),
        upb_strtable_iter_keylength(&i),
        upb_strtable_iter_value(&i));
  }
  upb_strtable_uninit(t);
  *t = new_table;
  return true;
}

bool upb_strtable_insert2(upb_strtable *t, const char *k, size_t len,
                          upb_value v) {
  if (isfull(&t->t)) {
    // Need to resize.  New table of double the size, add old elements to it.
    if (!upb_strtable_resize(t, t->t.size_lg2 + 1)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  if ((k = upb_strdup2(k, len)) == NULL) return false;

  lookupkey_t key = strkey2(k, len);
  uint32_t hash = MurmurHash2(key.key.s.str, key.key.s.length, 0);
  insert(&t->t, key, v, hash, &strhash, &streql);
  return true;
}

bool upb_strtable_lookup2(const upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
                          upb_value *v) {
  uint32_t hash = MurmurHash2(key, len, 0);
  return lookup(&t->t, strkey2(key, len), v, hash, &streql);
}

bool upb_strtable_remove2(upb_strtable *t, const char *key, size_t len,
                         upb_value *val) {
  uint32_t hash = MurmurHash2(key, strlen(key), 0);
  upb_tabkey tabkey;
  if (rm(&t->t, strkey2(key, len), val, &tabkey, hash, &streql)) {
    free((void*)tabkey.s.str);
    return true;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
}

// Iteration

static const upb_tabent *str_tabent(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
  return &i->t->t.entries[i->index];
}

void upb_strtable_begin(upb_strtable_iter *i, const upb_strtable *t) {
  i->t = t;
  i->index = begin(&t->t);
}

void upb_strtable_next(upb_strtable_iter *i) {
  i->index = next(&i->t->t, i->index);
}

bool upb_strtable_done(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
  return i->index >= upb_table_size(&i->t->t) ||
         upb_tabent_isempty(str_tabent(i));
}

const char *upb_strtable_iter_key(upb_strtable_iter *i) {
  assert(!upb_strtable_done(i));
  return str_tabent(i)->key.s.str;
}

size_t upb_strtable_iter_keylength(upb_strtable_iter *i) {
  assert(!upb_strtable_done(i));
  return str_tabent(i)->key.s.length;
}

upb_value upb_strtable_iter_value(const upb_strtable_iter *i) {
  assert(!upb_strtable_done(i));
  return _upb_value_val(str_tabent(i)->val, i->t->t.ctype);
}

void upb_strtable_iter_setdone(upb_strtable_iter *i) {
  i->index = SIZE_MAX;
}

bool upb_strtable_iter_isequal(const upb_strtable_iter *i1,
                               const upb_strtable_iter *i2) {
  if (upb_strtable_done(i1) && upb_strtable_done(i2))
    return true;
  return i1->t == i2->t && i1->index == i2->index;
}


/* upb_inttable ***************************************************************/

// For inttables we use a hybrid structure where small keys are kept in an
// array and large keys are put in the hash table.

static uint32_t inthash(upb_tabkey key) { return upb_inthash(key.num); }

static bool inteql(upb_tabkey k1, lookupkey_t k2) {
  return k1.num == k2.key.num;
}

static _upb_value *mutable_array(upb_inttable *t) {
  return (_upb_value*)t->array;
}

static _upb_value *inttable_val(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key) {
  if (key < t->array_size) {
    return upb_arrhas(t->array[key]) ? &(mutable_array(t)[key]) : NULL;
  } else {
    upb_tabent *e =
        findentry_mutable(&t->t, intkey(key), upb_inthash(key), &inteql);
    return e ? &e->val : NULL;
  }
}

static const _upb_value *inttable_val_const(const upb_inttable *t,
                                            uintptr_t key) {
  return inttable_val((upb_inttable*)t, key);
}

size_t upb_inttable_count(const upb_inttable *t) {
  return t->t.count + t->array_count;
}

static void check(upb_inttable *t) {
  UPB_UNUSED(t);
#if defined(UPB_DEBUG_TABLE) && !defined(NDEBUG)
  // This check is very expensive (makes inserts/deletes O(N)).
  size_t count = 0;
  upb_inttable_iter i;
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i), count++) {
    assert(upb_inttable_lookup(t, upb_inttable_iter_key(&i), NULL));
  }
  assert(count == upb_inttable_count(t));
#endif
}

bool upb_inttable_sizedinit(upb_inttable *t, upb_ctype_t ctype,
                            size_t asize, int hsize_lg2) {
  if (!init(&t->t, ctype, hsize_lg2)) return false;
  // Always make the array part at least 1 long, so that we know key 0
  // won't be in the hash part, which simplifies things.
  t->array_size = UPB_MAX(1, asize);
  t->array_count = 0;
  size_t array_bytes = t->array_size * sizeof(upb_value);
  t->array = malloc(array_bytes);
  if (!t->array) {
    uninit(&t->t);
    return false;
  }
  memset(mutable_array(t), 0xff, array_bytes);
  check(t);
  return true;
}

bool upb_inttable_init(upb_inttable *t, upb_ctype_t ctype) {
  return upb_inttable_sizedinit(t, ctype, 0, 4);
}

void upb_inttable_uninit(upb_inttable *t) {
  uninit(&t->t);
  free(mutable_array(t));
}

bool upb_inttable_insert(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value val) {
  assert(upb_arrhas(val.val));
  if (key < t->array_size) {
    assert(!upb_arrhas(t->array[key]));
    t->array_count++;
    mutable_array(t)[key] = val.val;
  } else {
    if (isfull(&t->t)) {
      // Need to resize the hash part, but we re-use the array part.
      upb_table new_table;
      if (!init(&new_table, t->t.ctype, t->t.size_lg2 + 1))
        return false;
      size_t i;
      for (i = begin(&t->t); i < upb_table_size(&t->t); i = next(&t->t, i)) {
        const upb_tabent *e = &t->t.entries[i];
        upb_value v;
        _upb_value_setval(&v, e->val, t->t.ctype);
        uint32_t hash = upb_inthash(e->key.num);
        insert(&new_table, intkey(e->key.num), v, hash, &inthash, &inteql);
      }

      assert(t->t.count == new_table.count);

      uninit(&t->t);
      t->t = new_table;
    }
    insert(&t->t, intkey(key), val, upb_inthash(key), &inthash, &inteql);
  }
  check(t);
  return true;
}

bool upb_inttable_lookup(const upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value *v) {
  const _upb_value *table_v = inttable_val_const(t, key);
  if (!table_v) return false;
  if (v) _upb_value_setval(v, *table_v, t->t.ctype);
  return true;
}

bool upb_inttable_replace(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value val) {
  _upb_value *table_v = inttable_val(t, key);
  if (!table_v) return false;
  *table_v = val.val;
  return true;
}

bool upb_inttable_remove(upb_inttable *t, uintptr_t key, upb_value *val) {
  bool success;
  if (key < t->array_size) {
    if (upb_arrhas(t->array[key])) {
      t->array_count--;
      if (val) {
        _upb_value_setval(val, t->array[key], t->t.ctype);
      }
      _upb_value empty = UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT;
      mutable_array(t)[key] = empty;
      success = true;
    } else {
      success = false;
    }
  } else {
    upb_tabkey removed;
    uint32_t hash = upb_inthash(key);
    success = rm(&t->t, intkey(key), val, &removed, hash, &inteql);
  }
  check(t);
  return success;
}

bool upb_inttable_push(upb_inttable *t, upb_value val) {
  return upb_inttable_insert(t, upb_inttable_count(t), val);
}

upb_value upb_inttable_pop(upb_inttable *t) {
  upb_value val;
  bool ok = upb_inttable_remove(t, upb_inttable_count(t) - 1, &val);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
  return val;
}

bool upb_inttable_insertptr(upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value val) {
  return upb_inttable_insert(t, (uintptr_t)key, val);
}

bool upb_inttable_lookupptr(const upb_inttable *t, const void *key,
                            upb_value *v) {
  return upb_inttable_lookup(t, (uintptr_t)key, v);
}

bool upb_inttable_removeptr(upb_inttable *t, const void *key, upb_value *val) {
  return upb_inttable_remove(t, (uintptr_t)key, val);
}

void upb_inttable_compact(upb_inttable *t) {
  // Create a power-of-two histogram of the table keys.
  int counts[UPB_MAXARRSIZE + 1] = {0};
  uintptr_t max_key = 0;
  upb_inttable_iter i;
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
  for (; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    uintptr_t key = upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
    if (key > max_key) {
      max_key = key;
    }
    counts[log2ceil(key)]++;
  }

  int arr_size;
  int arr_count = upb_inttable_count(t);

  if (upb_inttable_count(t) >= max_key * MIN_DENSITY) {
    // We can put 100% of the entries in the array part.
    arr_size = max_key + 1;
  } else {
    // Find the largest power of two that satisfies the MIN_DENSITY definition.
    for (int size_lg2 = ARRAY_SIZE(counts) - 1; size_lg2 > 1; size_lg2--) {
      arr_size = 1 << size_lg2;
      arr_count -= counts[size_lg2];
      if (arr_count >= arr_size * MIN_DENSITY) {
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  // Array part must always be at least 1 entry large to catch lookups of key
  // 0.  Key 0 must always be in the array part because "0" in the hash part
  // denotes an empty entry.
  arr_size = UPB_MAX(arr_size, 1);

  // Insert all elements into new, perfectly-sized table.
  int hash_count = upb_inttable_count(t) - arr_count;
  int hash_size = hash_count ? (hash_count / MAX_LOAD) + 1 : 0;
  int hashsize_lg2 = log2ceil(hash_size);
  assert(hash_count >= 0);

  upb_inttable new_t;
  upb_inttable_sizedinit(&new_t, t->t.ctype, arr_size, hashsize_lg2);
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, t);
  for (; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    uintptr_t k = upb_inttable_iter_key(&i);
    upb_inttable_insert(&new_t, k, upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));
  }
  assert(new_t.array_size == arr_size);
  assert(new_t.t.size_lg2 == hashsize_lg2);
  upb_inttable_uninit(t);
  *t = new_t;
}

// Iteration.

static const upb_tabent *int_tabent(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
  assert(!i->array_part);
  return &i->t->t.entries[i->index];
}

static _upb_value int_arrent(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
  assert(i->array_part);
  return i->t->array[i->index];
}

void upb_inttable_begin(upb_inttable_iter *i, const upb_inttable *t) {
  i->t = t;
  i->index = -1;
  i->array_part = true;
  upb_inttable_next(i);
}

void upb_inttable_next(upb_inttable_iter *iter) {
  const upb_inttable *t = iter->t;
  if (iter->array_part) {
    while (++iter->index < t->array_size) {
      if (upb_arrhas(int_arrent(iter))) {
        return;
      }
    }
    iter->array_part = false;
    iter->index = begin(&t->t);
  } else {
    iter->index = next(&t->t, iter->index);
  }
}

bool upb_inttable_done(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
  if (i->array_part) {
    return i->index >= i->t->array_size ||
           !upb_arrhas(int_arrent(i));
  } else {
    return i->index >= upb_table_size(&i->t->t) ||
           upb_tabent_isempty(int_tabent(i));
  }
}

uintptr_t upb_inttable_iter_key(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
  assert(!upb_inttable_done(i));
  return i->array_part ? i->index : int_tabent(i)->key.num;
}

upb_value upb_inttable_iter_value(const upb_inttable_iter *i) {
  assert(!upb_inttable_done(i));
  return _upb_value_val(
      i->array_part ? i->t->array[i->index] : int_tabent(i)->val,
      i->t->t.ctype);
}

void upb_inttable_iter_setdone(upb_inttable_iter *i) {
  i->index = SIZE_MAX;
  i->array_part = false;
}

bool upb_inttable_iter_isequal(const upb_inttable_iter *i1,
                                          const upb_inttable_iter *i2) {
  if (upb_inttable_done(i1) && upb_inttable_done(i2))
    return true;
  return i1->t == i2->t && i1->index == i2->index &&
         i1->array_part == i2->array_part;
}

#ifdef UPB_UNALIGNED_READS_OK
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MurmurHash2, by Austin Appleby (released as public domain).
// Reformatted and C99-ified by Joshua Haberman.
// Note - This code makes a few assumptions about how your machine behaves -
//   1. We can read a 4-byte value from any address without crashing
//   2. sizeof(int) == 4 (in upb this limitation is removed by using uint32_t
// And it has a few limitations -
//   1. It will not work incrementally.
//   2. It will not produce the same results on little-endian and big-endian
//      machines.
uint32_t MurmurHash2(const void *key, size_t len, uint32_t seed) {
  // 'm' and 'r' are mixing constants generated offline.
  // They're not really 'magic', they just happen to work well.
  const uint32_t m = 0x5bd1e995;
  const int32_t r = 24;

  // Initialize the hash to a 'random' value
  uint32_t h = seed ^ len;

  // Mix 4 bytes at a time into the hash
  const uint8_t * data = (const uint8_t *)key;
  while(len >= 4) {
    uint32_t k = *(uint32_t *)data;

    k *= m;
    k ^= k >> r;
    k *= m;

    h *= m;
    h ^= k;

    data += 4;
    len -= 4;
  }

  // Handle the last few bytes of the input array
  switch(len) {
    case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
    case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
    case 1: h ^= data[0]; h *= m;
  };

  // Do a few final mixes of the hash to ensure the last few
  // bytes are well-incorporated.
  h ^= h >> 13;
  h *= m;
  h ^= h >> 15;

  return h;
}

#else // !UPB_UNALIGNED_READS_OK

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MurmurHashAligned2, by Austin Appleby
// Same algorithm as MurmurHash2, but only does aligned reads - should be safer
// on certain platforms.
// Performance will be lower than MurmurHash2

#define MIX(h,k,m) { k *= m; k ^= k >> r; k *= m; h *= m; h ^= k; }

uint32_t MurmurHash2(const void * key, size_t len, uint32_t seed) {
  const uint32_t m = 0x5bd1e995;
  const int32_t r = 24;
  const uint8_t * data = (const uint8_t *)key;
  uint32_t h = seed ^ len;
  uint8_t align = (uintptr_t)data & 3;

  if(align && (len >= 4)) {
    // Pre-load the temp registers
    uint32_t t = 0, d = 0;

    switch(align) {
      case 1: t |= data[2] << 16;
      case 2: t |= data[1] << 8;
      case 3: t |= data[0];
    }

    t <<= (8 * align);

    data += 4-align;
    len -= 4-align;

    int32_t sl = 8 * (4-align);
    int32_t sr = 8 * align;

    // Mix

    while(len >= 4) {
      d = *(uint32_t *)data;
      t = (t >> sr) | (d << sl);

      uint32_t k = t;

      MIX(h,k,m);

      t = d;

      data += 4;
      len -= 4;
    }

    // Handle leftover data in temp registers

    d = 0;

    if(len >= align) {
      switch(align) {
        case 3: d |= data[2] << 16;
        case 2: d |= data[1] << 8;
        case 1: d |= data[0];
      }

      uint32_t k = (t >> sr) | (d << sl);
      MIX(h,k,m);

      data += align;
      len -= align;

      //----------
      // Handle tail bytes

      switch(len) {
        case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
        case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
        case 1: h ^= data[0]; h *= m;
      };
    } else {
      switch(len) {
        case 3: d |= data[2] << 16;
        case 2: d |= data[1] << 8;
        case 1: d |= data[0];
        case 0: h ^= (t >> sr) | (d << sl); h *= m;
      }
    }

    h ^= h >> 13;
    h *= m;
    h ^= h >> 15;

    return h;
  } else {
    while(len >= 4) {
      uint32_t k = *(uint32_t *)data;

      MIX(h,k,m);

      data += 4;
      len -= 4;
    }

    //----------
    // Handle tail bytes

    switch(len) {
      case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
      case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
      case 1: h ^= data[0]; h *= m;
    };

    h ^= h >> 13;
    h *= m;
    h ^= h >> 15;

    return h;
  }
}
#undef MIX

#endif // UPB_UNALIGNED_READS_OK
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 */

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

bool upb_dumptostderr(void *closure, const upb_status* status) {
  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
  fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", upb_status_errmsg(status));
  return false;
}

// Guarantee null-termination and provide ellipsis truncation.
// It may be tempting to "optimize" this by initializing these final
// four bytes up-front and then being careful never to overwrite them,
// this is safer and simpler.
static void nullz(upb_status *status) {
  const char *ellipsis = "...";
  size_t len = strlen(ellipsis);
  assert(sizeof(status->msg) > len);
  memcpy(status->msg + sizeof(status->msg) - len, ellipsis, len);
}

void upb_status_clear(upb_status *status) {
  upb_status blank = UPB_STATUS_INIT;
  upb_status_copy(status, &blank);
}

bool upb_ok(const upb_status *status) { return status->ok_; }

upb_errorspace *upb_status_errspace(const upb_status *status) {
  return status->error_space_;
}

int upb_status_errcode(const upb_status *status) { return status->code_; }

const char *upb_status_errmsg(const upb_status *status) { return status->msg; }

void upb_status_seterrmsg(upb_status *status, const char *msg) {
  if (!status) return;
  status->ok_ = false;
  strncpy(status->msg, msg, sizeof(status->msg));
  nullz(status);
}

void upb_status_seterrf(upb_status *status, const char *fmt, ...) {
  va_list args;
  va_start(args, fmt);
  upb_status_vseterrf(status, fmt, args);
  va_end(args);
}

void upb_status_vseterrf(upb_status *status, const char *fmt, va_list args) {
  if (!status) return;
  status->ok_ = false;
  vsnprintf(status->msg, sizeof(status->msg), fmt, args);
  nullz(status);
}

void upb_status_seterrcode(upb_status *status, upb_errorspace *space,
                           int code) {
  if (!status) return;
  status->ok_ = false;
  status->error_space_ = space;
  status->code_ = code;
  space->set_message(status, code);
}

void upb_status_copy(upb_status *to, const upb_status *from) {
  if (!to) return;
  *to = *from;
}
// This file was generated by upbc (the upb compiler).
// Do not edit -- your changes will be discarded when the file is
// regenerated.


static const upb_msgdef msgs[20];
static const upb_fielddef fields[81];
static const upb_enumdef enums[4];
static const upb_tabent strentries[236];
static const upb_tabent intentries[14];
static const _upb_value arrays[232];

#ifdef UPB_DEBUG_REFS
static upb_inttable reftables[212];
#endif

static const upb_msgdef msgs[20] = {
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.DescriptorProto", 27, 6, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[0], 8, 7), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(7, 15, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 4, &strentries[0]),&reftables[0], &reftables[1]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange", 4, 0, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[8], 3, 2), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(2, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[16]),&reftables[2], &reftables[3]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto", 11, 2, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[11], 4, 3), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(3, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[20]),&reftables[4], &reftables[5]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.EnumOptions", 7, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(1, 1, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 1, &intentries[0], &arrays[15], 8, 1), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(2, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[24]),&reftables[6], &reftables[7]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto", 8, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[23], 4, 3), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(3, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[28]),&reftables[8], &reftables[9]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions", 6, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(1, 1, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 1, &intentries[2], &arrays[27], 4, 0), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(1, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[32]),&reftables[10], &reftables[11]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto", 19, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[31], 9, 8), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(8, 15, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 4, &strentries[36]),&reftables[12], &reftables[13]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.FieldOptions", 14, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(1, 1, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 1, &intentries[4], &arrays[40], 32, 6), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(7, 15, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 4, &strentries[52]),&reftables[14], &reftables[15]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto", 39, 6, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[72], 12, 11), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(11, 15, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 4, &strentries[68]),&reftables[16], &reftables[17]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet", 6, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[84], 2, 1), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(1, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[84]),&reftables[18], &reftables[19]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.FileOptions", 21, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(1, 1, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 1, &intentries[6], &arrays[86], 64, 9), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(10, 15, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 4, &strentries[88]),&reftables[20], &reftables[21]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.MessageOptions", 8, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(1, 1, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 1, &intentries[8], &arrays[150], 16, 2), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(3, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[104]),&reftables[22], &reftables[23]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto", 13, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[166], 5, 4), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(4, 7, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 3, &strentries[108]),&reftables[24], &reftables[25]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.MethodOptions", 6, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(1, 1, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 1, &intentries[10], &arrays[171], 4, 0), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(1, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[116]),&reftables[26], &reftables[27]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto", 11, 2, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[175], 4, 3), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(3, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[120]),&reftables[28], &reftables[29]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.ServiceOptions", 6, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(1, 1, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 1, &intentries[12], &arrays[179], 4, 0), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(1, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[124]),&reftables[30], &reftables[31]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo", 6, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[183], 2, 1), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(1, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[128]),&reftables[32], &reftables[33]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location", 14, 0, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[185], 5, 4), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(4, 7, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 3, &strentries[132]),&reftables[34], &reftables[35]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption", 18, 1, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[190], 9, 7), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(7, 15, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 4, &strentries[140]),&reftables[36], &reftables[37]),
  UPB_MSGDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart", 6, 0, UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[199], 3, 2), UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(2, 3, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 2, &strentries[156]),&reftables[38], &reftables[39]),
};

static const upb_fielddef fields[81] = {
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "aggregate_value", 8, &msgs[18], NULL, 15, 6, {0},&reftables[40], &reftables[41]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "allow_alias", 2, &msgs[3], NULL, 6, 1, {0},&reftables[42], &reftables[43]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "cc_generic_services", 16, &msgs[10], NULL, 17, 6, {0},&reftables[44], &reftables[45]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_ENUM, 0, false, false, false, false, "ctype", 1, &msgs[7], UPB_UPCAST(&enums[2]), 6, 1, {0},&reftables[46], &reftables[47]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "default_value", 7, &msgs[6], NULL, 16, 7, {0},&reftables[48], &reftables[49]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "dependency", 3, &msgs[8], NULL, 30, 8, {0},&reftables[50], &reftables[51]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "deprecated", 3, &msgs[7], NULL, 8, 3, {0},&reftables[52], &reftables[53]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, 0, false, false, false, false, "double_value", 6, &msgs[18], NULL, 11, 4, {0},&reftables[54], &reftables[55]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_INT32, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, false, false, false, false, "end", 2, &msgs[1], NULL, 3, 1, {0},&reftables[56], &reftables[57]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "enum_type", 4, &msgs[0], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[2]), 16, 2, {0},&reftables[58], &reftables[59]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "enum_type", 5, &msgs[8], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[2]), 13, 1, {0},&reftables[60], &reftables[61]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "experimental_map_key", 9, &msgs[7], NULL, 10, 5, {0},&reftables[62], &reftables[63]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "extendee", 2, &msgs[6], NULL, 7, 2, {0},&reftables[64], &reftables[65]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "extension", 7, &msgs[8], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[6]), 19, 3, {0},&reftables[66], &reftables[67]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "extension", 6, &msgs[0], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[6]), 22, 4, {0},&reftables[68], &reftables[69]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "extension_range", 5, &msgs[0], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[1]), 19, 3, {0},&reftables[70], &reftables[71]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "field", 2, &msgs[0], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[6]), 10, 0, {0},&reftables[72], &reftables[73]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "file", 1, &msgs[9], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[8]), 5, 0, {0},&reftables[74], &reftables[75]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "go_package", 11, &msgs[10], NULL, 14, 5, {0},&reftables[76], &reftables[77]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "identifier_value", 3, &msgs[18], NULL, 6, 1, {0},&reftables[78], &reftables[79]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "input_type", 2, &msgs[12], NULL, 7, 2, {0},&reftables[80], &reftables[81]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REQUIRED, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "is_extension", 2, &msgs[19], NULL, 5, 1, {0},&reftables[82], &reftables[83]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "java_generate_equals_and_hash", 20, &msgs[10], NULL, 20, 9, {0},&reftables[84], &reftables[85]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "java_generic_services", 17, &msgs[10], NULL, 18, 7, {0},&reftables[86], &reftables[87]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "java_multiple_files", 10, &msgs[10], NULL, 13, 4, {0},&reftables[88], &reftables[89]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "java_outer_classname", 8, &msgs[10], NULL, 9, 2, {0},&reftables[90], &reftables[91]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "java_package", 1, &msgs[10], NULL, 6, 1, {0},&reftables[92], &reftables[93]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_ENUM, 0, false, false, false, false, "label", 4, &msgs[6], UPB_UPCAST(&enums[0]), 11, 4, {0},&reftables[94], &reftables[95]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "lazy", 5, &msgs[7], NULL, 9, 4, {0},&reftables[96], &reftables[97]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "leading_comments", 3, &msgs[17], NULL, 8, 2, {0},&reftables[98], &reftables[99]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "location", 1, &msgs[16], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[17]), 5, 0, {0},&reftables[100], &reftables[101]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "message_set_wire_format", 1, &msgs[11], NULL, 6, 1, {0},&reftables[102], &reftables[103]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "message_type", 4, &msgs[8], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[0]), 10, 0, {0},&reftables[104], &reftables[105]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "method", 2, &msgs[14], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[12]), 6, 0, {0},&reftables[106], &reftables[107]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "name", 1, &msgs[8], NULL, 22, 6, {0},&reftables[108], &reftables[109]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "name", 1, &msgs[14], NULL, 8, 2, {0},&reftables[110], &reftables[111]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "name", 2, &msgs[18], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[19]), 5, 0, {0},&reftables[112], &reftables[113]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "name", 1, &msgs[4], NULL, 4, 1, {0},&reftables[114], &reftables[115]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "name", 1, &msgs[0], NULL, 24, 6, {0},&reftables[116], &reftables[117]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "name", 1, &msgs[12], NULL, 4, 1, {0},&reftables[118], &reftables[119]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "name", 1, &msgs[2], NULL, 8, 2, {0},&reftables[120], &reftables[121]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "name", 1, &msgs[6], NULL, 4, 1, {0},&reftables[122], &reftables[123]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REQUIRED, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "name_part", 1, &msgs[19], NULL, 2, 0, {0},&reftables[124], &reftables[125]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_INT64, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, false, false, false, false, "negative_int_value", 5, &msgs[18], NULL, 10, 3, {0},&reftables[126], &reftables[127]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "nested_type", 3, &msgs[0], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[0]), 13, 1, {0},&reftables[128], &reftables[129]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "no_standard_descriptor_accessor", 2, &msgs[11], NULL, 7, 2, {0},&reftables[130], &reftables[131]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_INT32, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, false, false, false, false, "number", 3, &msgs[6], NULL, 10, 3, {0},&reftables[132], &reftables[133]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_INT32, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, false, false, false, false, "number", 2, &msgs[4], NULL, 7, 2, {0},&reftables[134], &reftables[135]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_ENUM, 0, false, false, false, false, "optimize_for", 9, &msgs[10], UPB_UPCAST(&enums[3]), 12, 3, {0},&reftables[136], &reftables[137]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "options", 7, &msgs[0], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[11]), 23, 5, {0},&reftables[138], &reftables[139]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "options", 3, &msgs[2], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[3]), 7, 1, {0},&reftables[140], &reftables[141]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "options", 8, &msgs[6], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[7]), 3, 0, {0},&reftables[142], &reftables[143]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "options", 3, &msgs[4], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[5]), 3, 0, {0},&reftables[144], &reftables[145]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "options", 8, &msgs[8], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[10]), 20, 4, {0},&reftables[146], &reftables[147]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "options", 3, &msgs[14], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[15]), 7, 1, {0},&reftables[148], &reftables[149]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "options", 4, &msgs[12], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[13]), 3, 0, {0},&reftables[150], &reftables[151]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "output_type", 3, &msgs[12], NULL, 10, 3, {0},&reftables[152], &reftables[153]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "package", 2, &msgs[8], NULL, 25, 7, {0},&reftables[154], &reftables[155]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "packed", 2, &msgs[7], NULL, 7, 2, {0},&reftables[156], &reftables[157]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_INT32, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, false, false, false, true, "path", 1, &msgs[17], NULL, 4, 0, {0},&reftables[158], &reftables[159]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_UINT64, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, false, false, false, false, "positive_int_value", 4, &msgs[18], NULL, 9, 2, {0},&reftables[160], &reftables[161]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_INT32, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, false, false, false, false, "public_dependency", 10, &msgs[8], NULL, 35, 9, {0},&reftables[162], &reftables[163]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "py_generic_services", 18, &msgs[10], NULL, 19, 8, {0},&reftables[164], &reftables[165]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "service", 6, &msgs[8], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[14]), 16, 2, {0},&reftables[166], &reftables[167]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "source_code_info", 9, &msgs[8], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[16]), 21, 5, {0},&reftables[168], &reftables[169]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_INT32, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, false, false, false, true, "span", 2, &msgs[17], NULL, 7, 1, {0},&reftables[170], &reftables[171]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_INT32, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, false, false, false, false, "start", 1, &msgs[1], NULL, 2, 0, {0},&reftables[172], &reftables[173]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BYTES, 0, false, false, false, false, "string_value", 7, &msgs[18], NULL, 12, 5, {0},&reftables[174], &reftables[175]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "trailing_comments", 4, &msgs[17], NULL, 11, 3, {0},&reftables[176], &reftables[177]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_ENUM, 0, false, false, false, false, "type", 5, &msgs[6], UPB_UPCAST(&enums[1]), 12, 5, {0},&reftables[178], &reftables[179]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_STRING, 0, false, false, false, false, "type_name", 6, &msgs[6], NULL, 13, 6, {0},&reftables[180], &reftables[181]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "uninterpreted_option", 999, &msgs[5], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[18]), 5, 0, {0},&reftables[182], &reftables[183]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "uninterpreted_option", 999, &msgs[15], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[18]), 5, 0, {0},&reftables[184], &reftables[185]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "uninterpreted_option", 999, &msgs[3], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[18]), 5, 0, {0},&reftables[186], &reftables[187]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "uninterpreted_option", 999, &msgs[13], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[18]), 5, 0, {0},&reftables[188], &reftables[189]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "uninterpreted_option", 999, &msgs[10], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[18]), 5, 0, {0},&reftables[190], &reftables[191]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "uninterpreted_option", 999, &msgs[11], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[18]), 5, 0, {0},&reftables[192], &reftables[193]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "uninterpreted_option", 999, &msgs[7], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[18]), 5, 0, {0},&reftables[194], &reftables[195]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE, 0, false, false, false, false, "value", 2, &msgs[2], UPB_UPCAST(&msgs[4]), 6, 0, {0},&reftables[196], &reftables[197]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_OPTIONAL, UPB_TYPE_BOOL, 0, false, false, false, false, "weak", 10, &msgs[7], NULL, 13, 6, {0},&reftables[198], &reftables[199]),
  UPB_FIELDDEF_INIT(UPB_LABEL_REPEATED, UPB_TYPE_INT32, UPB_INTFMT_VARIABLE, false, false, false, false, "weak_dependency", 11, &msgs[8], NULL, 38, 10, {0},&reftables[200], &reftables[201]),
};

static const upb_enumdef enums[4] = {
  UPB_ENUMDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label", UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(3, 3, UPB_CTYPE_INT32, 2, &strentries[160]), UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_CSTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[202], 4, 3), 0, &reftables[202], &reftables[203]),
  UPB_ENUMDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type", UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(18, 31, UPB_CTYPE_INT32, 5, &strentries[164]), UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_CSTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[206], 19, 18), 0, &reftables[204], &reftables[205]),
  UPB_ENUMDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType", UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(3, 3, UPB_CTYPE_INT32, 2, &strentries[196]), UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_CSTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[225], 3, 3), 0, &reftables[206], &reftables[207]),
  UPB_ENUMDEF_INIT("google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode", UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(3, 3, UPB_CTYPE_INT32, 2, &strentries[200]), UPB_INTTABLE_INIT(0, 0, UPB_CTYPE_CSTR, 0, NULL, &arrays[228], 4, 3), 0, &reftables[208], &reftables[209]),
};

static const upb_tabent strentries[236] = {
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("extension"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[14]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("name"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[38]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("field"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[16]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("extension_range"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[15]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("nested_type"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[44]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("options"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[49]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("enum_type"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[9]), &strentries[14]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("start"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[66]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("end"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[8]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("value"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[78]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("options"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[50]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("name"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[40]), &strentries[22]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("uninterpreted_option"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[73]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("allow_alias"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[1]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("number"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[47]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("options"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[52]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("name"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[37]), &strentries[30]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("uninterpreted_option"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[71]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("label"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[27]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("name"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[41]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("number"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[46]), &strentries[49]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("type_name"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[70]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("extendee"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[12]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("type"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[69]), &strentries[48]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("default_value"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[4]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("options"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[51]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("experimental_map_key"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[11]), &strentries[67]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("weak"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[79]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("packed"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[58]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("lazy"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[28]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("ctype"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[3]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("deprecated"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[6]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("uninterpreted_option"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[77]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("extension"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[13]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("weak_dependency"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[80]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("name"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[34]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("service"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[63]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("source_code_info"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[64]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("dependency"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[5]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("message_type"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[32]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("package"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[57]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("options"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[53]), &strentries[82]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("enum_type"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[10]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("public_dependency"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[61]), &strentries[81]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("file"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[17]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("uninterpreted_option"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[75]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("cc_generic_services"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[2]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("java_multiple_files"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[24]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("java_generic_services"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[23]), &strentries[102]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("java_generate_equals_and_hash"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[22]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("go_package"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[18]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("java_package"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[26]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("optimize_for"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[48]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("py_generic_services"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[62]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("java_outer_classname"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[25]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("message_set_wire_format"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[31]), &strentries[106]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("uninterpreted_option"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[76]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("no_standard_descriptor_accessor"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[45]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("name"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[39]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("input_type"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[20]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("output_type"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[56]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("options"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[55]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("uninterpreted_option"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[74]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("options"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[54]), &strentries[122]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("method"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[33]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("name"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[35]), &strentries[121]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("uninterpreted_option"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[72]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("location"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[30]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("span"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[65]), &strentries[139]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("trailing_comments"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[68]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("leading_comments"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[29]), &strentries[137]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("path"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[59]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("double_value"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[7]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("name"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[36]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("negative_int_value"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[43]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("aggregate_value"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[0]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("positive_int_value"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[60]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("identifier_value"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[19]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("string_value"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[67]), &strentries[154]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("is_extension"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[21]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("name_part"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[42]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("LABEL_REQUIRED"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(2), &strentries[162]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("LABEL_REPEATED"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(3), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("LABEL_OPTIONAL"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(1), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_FIXED64"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(6), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_STRING"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(9), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_FLOAT"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(2), &strentries[193]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_DOUBLE"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(1), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_INT32"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(5), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_SFIXED32"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(15), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_FIXED32"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(7), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_MESSAGE"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(11), &strentries[194]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_INT64"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(3), &strentries[191]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_ENUM"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(14), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_UINT32"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(13), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_UINT64"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(4), &strentries[190]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_SFIXED64"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(16), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_BYTES"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(12), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_SINT64"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(18), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_BOOL"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(8), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_GROUP"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(10), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("TYPE_SINT32"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(17), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("CORD"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(1), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("STRING"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(0), &strentries[197]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("STRING_PIECE"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(2), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("CODE_SIZE"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(2), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("SPEED"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(1), &strentries[203]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("LITE_RUNTIME"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_INT32(3), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[17]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[18]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[8]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[12]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[5]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.DescriptorProto"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[0]), &strentries[228]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[16]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&enums[1]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[1]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[4]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.FieldOptions"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[7]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.FileOptions"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[10]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[2]), &strentries[233]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&enums[0]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[14]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&enums[2]), &strentries[229]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[9]), &strentries[235]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.EnumOptions"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[3]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[6]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&enums[3]), &strentries[221]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.ServiceOptions"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[15]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.MessageOptions"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[11]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.MethodOptions"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[13]), &strentries[226]},
  {UPB_TABKEY_STR("google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart"), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&msgs[19]), NULL},
};

static const upb_tabent intentries[14] = {
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NUM(999), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[73]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NUM(999), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[71]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NUM(999), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[77]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NUM(999), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[75]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NUM(999), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[76]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NUM(999), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[74]), NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NONE, UPB__VALUE_INIT_NONE, NULL},
  {UPB_TABKEY_NUM(999), UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[72]), NULL},
};

static const _upb_value arrays[232] = {
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[38]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[16]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[44]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[9]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[15]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[14]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[49]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[66]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[8]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[40]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[78]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[50]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[1]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[37]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[47]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[52]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[41]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[12]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[46]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[27]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[69]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[70]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[4]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[51]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[3]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[58]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[6]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[28]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[11]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[79]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[34]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[57]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[5]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[32]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[10]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[63]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[13]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[53]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[64]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[61]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[80]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[17]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[26]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[25]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[48]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[24]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[18]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[2]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[23]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[62]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[22]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[31]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[45]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[39]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[20]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[56]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[55]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[35]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[33]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[54]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[30]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[59]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[65]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[29]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[68]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[36]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[19]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[60]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[43]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[7]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[67]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[0]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[42]),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR(&fields[21]),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("LABEL_OPTIONAL"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("LABEL_REQUIRED"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("LABEL_REPEATED"),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_DOUBLE"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_FLOAT"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_INT64"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_UINT64"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_INT32"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_FIXED64"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_FIXED32"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_BOOL"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_STRING"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_GROUP"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_MESSAGE"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_BYTES"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_UINT32"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_ENUM"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_SFIXED32"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_SFIXED64"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_SINT32"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("TYPE_SINT64"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("STRING"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("CORD"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("STRING_PIECE"),
  UPB_ARRAY_EMPTYENT,
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("SPEED"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("CODE_SIZE"),
  UPB_VALUE_INIT_CONSTPTR("LITE_RUNTIME"),
};

static const upb_symtab symtab = UPB_SYMTAB_INIT(UPB_STRTABLE_INIT(24, 31, UPB_CTYPE_PTR, 5, &strentries[204]), &reftables[210], &reftables[211]);

const upb_symtab *upbdefs_google_protobuf_descriptor(const void *owner) {
  upb_symtab_ref(&symtab, owner);
  return &symtab;
}

#ifdef UPB_DEBUG_REFS
static upb_inttable reftables[212] = {
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
  UPB_EMPTY_INTTABLE_INIT(UPB_CTYPE_PTR),
};
#endif

/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 *
 * XXX: The routines in this file that consume a string do not currently
 * support having the string span buffers.  In the future, as upb_sink and
 * its buffering/sharing functionality evolve there should be an easy and
 * idiomatic way of correctly handling this case.  For now, we accept this
 * limitation since we currently only parse descriptors from single strings.
 */


#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

static char *upb_strndup(const char *buf, size_t n) {
  char *ret = malloc(n + 1);
  if (!ret) return NULL;
  memcpy(ret, buf, n);
  ret[n] = '\0';
  return ret;
}

// Returns a newly allocated string that joins input strings together, for
// example:
//   join("Foo.Bar", "Baz") -> "Foo.Bar.Baz"
//   join("", "Baz") -> "Baz"
// Caller owns a ref on the returned string.
static char *upb_join(const char *base, const char *name) {
  if (!base || strlen(base) == 0) {
    return upb_strdup(name);
  } else {
    char *ret = malloc(strlen(base) + strlen(name) + 2);
    ret[0] = '\0';
    strcat(ret, base);
    strcat(ret, ".");
    strcat(ret, name);
    return ret;
  }
}


/* upb_deflist ****************************************************************/

void upb_deflist_init(upb_deflist *l) {
  l->size = 0;
  l->defs = NULL;
  l->len = 0;
  l->owned = true;
}

void upb_deflist_uninit(upb_deflist *l) {
  if (l->owned)
    for(size_t i = 0; i < l->len; i++)
      upb_def_unref(l->defs[i], l);
  free(l->defs);
}

bool upb_deflist_push(upb_deflist *l, upb_def *d) {
  if(++l->len >= l->size) {
    size_t new_size = UPB_MAX(l->size, 4);
    new_size *= 2;
    l->defs = realloc(l->defs, new_size * sizeof(void *));
    if (!l->defs) return false;
    l->size = new_size;
  }
  l->defs[l->len - 1] = d;
  return true;
}

void upb_deflist_donaterefs(upb_deflist *l, void *owner) {
  assert(l->owned);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < l->len; i++)
    upb_def_donateref(l->defs[i], l, owner);
  l->owned = false;
}

static upb_def *upb_deflist_last(upb_deflist *l) {
  return l->defs[l->len-1];
}

// Qualify the defname for all defs starting with offset "start" with "str".
static void upb_deflist_qualify(upb_deflist *l, char *str, int32_t start) {
  for (uint32_t i = start; i < l->len; i++) {
    upb_def *def = l->defs[i];
    char *name = upb_join(str, upb_def_fullname(def));
    upb_def_setfullname(def, name, NULL);
    free(name);
  }
}


/* upb_descreader  ************************************************************/

void upb_descreader_init(upb_descreader *r, const upb_handlers *handlers,
                         upb_status *status) {
  UPB_UNUSED(status);
  upb_deflist_init(&r->defs);
  upb_sink_reset(upb_descreader_input(r), handlers, r);
  r->stack_len = 0;
  r->name = NULL;
  r->default_string = NULL;
}

void upb_descreader_uninit(upb_descreader *r) {
  free(r->name);
  upb_deflist_uninit(&r->defs);
  free(r->default_string);
  while (r->stack_len > 0) {
    upb_descreader_frame *f = &r->stack[--r->stack_len];
    free(f->name);
  }
}

upb_def **upb_descreader_getdefs(upb_descreader *r, void *owner, int *n) {
  *n = r->defs.len;
  upb_deflist_donaterefs(&r->defs, owner);
  return r->defs.defs;
}

upb_sink *upb_descreader_input(upb_descreader *r) {
  return &r->sink;
}

static upb_msgdef *upb_descreader_top(upb_descreader *r) {
  assert(r->stack_len > 1);
  int index = r->stack[r->stack_len-1].start - 1;
  assert(index >= 0);
  return upb_downcast_msgdef_mutable(r->defs.defs[index]);
}

static upb_def *upb_descreader_last(upb_descreader *r) {
  return upb_deflist_last(&r->defs);
}

// Start/end handlers for FileDescriptorProto and DescriptorProto (the two
// entities that have names and can contain sub-definitions.
void upb_descreader_startcontainer(upb_descreader *r) {
  upb_descreader_frame *f = &r->stack[r->stack_len++];
  f->start = r->defs.len;
  f->name = NULL;
}

void upb_descreader_endcontainer(upb_descreader *r) {
  upb_descreader_frame *f = &r->stack[--r->stack_len];
  upb_deflist_qualify(&r->defs, f->name, f->start);
  free(f->name);
  f->name = NULL;
}

void upb_descreader_setscopename(upb_descreader *r, char *str) {
  upb_descreader_frame *f = &r->stack[r->stack_len-1];
  free(f->name);
  f->name = str;
}

// Handlers for google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.
static bool file_startmsg(void *r, const void *hd) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader_startcontainer(r);
  return true;
}

static bool file_endmsg(void *closure, const void *hd, upb_status *status) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(status);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_descreader_endcontainer(r);
  return true;
}

static size_t file_onpackage(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                             size_t n, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  // XXX: see comment at the top of the file.
  upb_descreader_setscopename(r, upb_strndup(buf, n));
  return n;
}

// Handlers for google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.
static bool enumval_startmsg(void *closure, const void *hd) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  r->saw_number = false;
  r->saw_name = false;
  return true;
}

static size_t enumval_onname(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                             size_t n, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  // XXX: see comment at the top of the file.
  free(r->name);
  r->name = upb_strndup(buf, n);
  r->saw_name = true;
  return n;
}

static bool enumval_onnumber(void *closure, const void *hd, int32_t val) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  r->number = val;
  r->saw_number = true;
  return true;
}

static bool enumval_endmsg(void *closure, const void *hd, upb_status *status) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  if(!r->saw_number || !r->saw_name) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "Enum value missing name or number.");
    return false;
  }
  upb_enumdef *e = upb_downcast_enumdef_mutable(upb_descreader_last(r));
  upb_enumdef_addval(e, r->name, r->number, status);
  free(r->name);
  r->name = NULL;
  return true;
}


// Handlers for google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.
static bool enum_startmsg(void *closure, const void *hd) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_deflist_push(&r->defs, UPB_UPCAST(upb_enumdef_new(&r->defs)));
  return true;
}

static bool enum_endmsg(void *closure, const void *hd, upb_status *status) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_enumdef *e = upb_downcast_enumdef_mutable(upb_descreader_last(r));
  if (upb_def_fullname(upb_descreader_last(r)) == NULL) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "Enum had no name.");
    return false;
  }
  if (upb_enumdef_numvals(e) == 0) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "Enum had no values.");
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

static size_t enum_onname(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                          size_t n, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  // XXX: see comment at the top of the file.
  char *fullname = upb_strndup(buf, n);
  upb_def_setfullname(upb_descreader_last(r), fullname, NULL);
  free(fullname);
  return n;
}

// Handlers for google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto
static bool field_startmsg(void *closure, const void *hd) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  r->f = upb_fielddef_new(&r->defs);
  free(r->default_string);
  r->default_string = NULL;

  // fielddefs default to packed, but descriptors default to non-packed.
  upb_fielddef_setpacked(r->f, false);
  return true;
}

// Converts the default value in string "str" into "d".  Passes a ref on str.
// Returns true on success.
static bool parse_default(char *str, upb_fielddef *f) {
  bool success = true;
  char *end;
  switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
    case UPB_TYPE_INT32: {
      long val = strtol(str, &end, 0);
      if (val > INT32_MAX || val < INT32_MIN || errno == ERANGE || *end)
        success = false;
      else
        upb_fielddef_setdefaultint32(f, val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: {
      long long val = strtoll(str, &end, 0);
      if (val > INT64_MAX || val < INT64_MIN || errno == ERANGE || *end)
        success = false;
      else
        upb_fielddef_setdefaultint64(f, val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: {
      long val = strtoul(str, &end, 0);
      if (val > UINT32_MAX || errno == ERANGE || *end)
        success = false;
      else
        upb_fielddef_setdefaultuint32(f, val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64: {
      unsigned long long val = strtoull(str, &end, 0);
      if (val > UINT64_MAX || errno == ERANGE || *end)
        success = false;
      else
        upb_fielddef_setdefaultuint64(f, val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
      double val = strtod(str, &end);
      if (errno == ERANGE || *end)
        success = false;
      else
        upb_fielddef_setdefaultdouble(f, val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT: {
      float val = strtof(str, &end);
      if (errno == ERANGE || *end)
        success = false;
      else
        upb_fielddef_setdefaultfloat(f, val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_BOOL: {
      if (strcmp(str, "false") == 0)
        upb_fielddef_setdefaultbool(f, false);
      else if (strcmp(str, "true") == 0)
        upb_fielddef_setdefaultbool(f, true);
      else
        success = false;
      break;
    }
    default: abort();
  }
  return success;
}

static bool field_endmsg(void *closure, const void *hd, upb_status *status) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_fielddef *f = r->f;
  // TODO: verify that all required fields were present.
  assert(upb_fielddef_number(f) != 0);
  assert(upb_fielddef_name(f) != NULL);
  assert((upb_fielddef_subdefname(f) != NULL) == upb_fielddef_hassubdef(f));

  if (r->default_string) {
    if (upb_fielddef_issubmsg(f)) {
      upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "Submessages cannot have defaults.");
      return false;
    }
    if (upb_fielddef_isstring(f) || upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
      upb_fielddef_setdefaultcstr(f, r->default_string, NULL);
    } else {
      if (r->default_string && !parse_default(r->default_string, f)) {
        // We don't worry too much about giving a great error message since the
        // compiler should have ensured this was correct.
        upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "Error converting default value.");
        return false;
      }
    }
  }
  return true;
}

static bool field_onlazy(void *closure, const void *hd, bool val) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_fielddef_setlazy(r->f, val);
  return true;
}

static bool field_onpacked(void *closure, const void *hd, bool val) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_fielddef_setpacked(r->f, val);
  return true;
}

static bool field_ontype(void *closure, const void *hd, int32_t val) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_fielddef_setdescriptortype(r->f, val);
  return true;
}

static bool field_onlabel(void *closure, const void *hd, int32_t val) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_fielddef_setlabel(r->f, val);
  return true;
}

static bool field_onnumber(void *closure, const void *hd, int32_t val) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  bool ok = upb_fielddef_setnumber(r->f, val, NULL);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
  return true;
}

static size_t field_onname(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                           size_t n, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  // XXX: see comment at the top of the file.
  char *name = upb_strndup(buf, n);
  upb_fielddef_setname(r->f, name, NULL);
  free(name);
  return n;
}

static size_t field_ontypename(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                               size_t n, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  // XXX: see comment at the top of the file.
  char *name = upb_strndup(buf, n);
  upb_fielddef_setsubdefname(r->f, name, NULL);
  free(name);
  return n;
}

static size_t field_onextendee(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                               size_t n, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  // XXX: see comment at the top of the file.
  char *name = upb_strndup(buf, n);
  upb_fielddef_setcontainingtypename(r->f, name, NULL);
  free(name);
  return n;
}

static size_t field_ondefaultval(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                                 size_t n, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  // Have to convert from string to the correct type, but we might not know the
  // type yet, so we save it as a string until the end of the field.
  // XXX: see comment at the top of the file.
  free(r->default_string);
  r->default_string = upb_strndup(buf, n);
  return n;
}

// Handlers for google.protobuf.DescriptorProto (representing a message).
static bool msg_startmsg(void *closure, const void *hd) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_deflist_push(&r->defs, UPB_UPCAST(upb_msgdef_new(&r->defs)));
  upb_descreader_startcontainer(r);
  return true;
}

static bool msg_endmsg(void *closure, const void *hd, upb_status *status) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_msgdef *m = upb_descreader_top(r);
  if(!upb_def_fullname(UPB_UPCAST(m))) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(status, "Encountered message with no name.");
    return false;
  }
  upb_descreader_endcontainer(r);
  return true;
}

static size_t msg_onname(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                         size_t n, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_msgdef *m = upb_descreader_top(r);
  // XXX: see comment at the top of the file.
  char *name = upb_strndup(buf, n);
  upb_def_setfullname(UPB_UPCAST(m), name, NULL);
  upb_descreader_setscopename(r, name);  // Passes ownership of name.
  return n;
}

static bool msg_onendfield(void *closure, const void *hd) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  upb_msgdef *m = upb_descreader_top(r);
  upb_msgdef_addfield(m, r->f, &r->defs, NULL);
  r->f = NULL;
  return true;
}

static bool pushextension(void *closure, const void *hd) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_descreader *r = closure;
  assert(upb_fielddef_containingtypename(r->f));
  upb_fielddef_setisextension(r->f, true);
  upb_deflist_push(&r->defs, UPB_UPCAST(r->f));
  r->f = NULL;
  return true;
}

#define D(name) upbdefs_google_protobuf_ ## name(s)

static void reghandlers(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
  const upb_symtab *s = closure;
  const upb_msgdef *m = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);

  if (m == D(DescriptorProto)) {
    upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, &msg_startmsg, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, &msg_endmsg, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setstring(h, D(DescriptorProto_name), &msg_onname, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, D(DescriptorProto_field), &msg_onendfield,
                              NULL);
    upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, D(DescriptorProto_extension), &pushextension,
                              NULL);
  } else if (m == D(FileDescriptorProto)) {
    upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, &file_startmsg, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, &file_endmsg, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setstring(h, D(FileDescriptorProto_package), &file_onpackage,
                           NULL);
    upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, D(FileDescriptorProto_extension), &pushextension,
                              NULL);
  } else if (m == D(EnumValueDescriptorProto)) {
    upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, &enumval_startmsg, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, &enumval_endmsg, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setstring(h, D(EnumValueDescriptorProto_name), &enumval_onname, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setint32(h, D(EnumValueDescriptorProto_number), &enumval_onnumber,
                          NULL);
  } else if (m == D(EnumDescriptorProto)) {
    upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, &enum_startmsg, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, &enum_endmsg, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setstring(h, D(EnumDescriptorProto_name), &enum_onname, NULL);
  } else if (m == D(FieldDescriptorProto)) {
    upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, &field_startmsg, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, &field_endmsg, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setint32(h, D(FieldDescriptorProto_type), &field_ontype,
                          NULL);
    upb_handlers_setint32(h, D(FieldDescriptorProto_label), &field_onlabel,
                          NULL);
    upb_handlers_setint32(h, D(FieldDescriptorProto_number), &field_onnumber,
                          NULL);
    upb_handlers_setstring(h, D(FieldDescriptorProto_name), &field_onname,
                           NULL);
    upb_handlers_setstring(h, D(FieldDescriptorProto_type_name),
                           &field_ontypename, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setstring(h, D(FieldDescriptorProto_extendee),
                           &field_onextendee, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setstring(h, D(FieldDescriptorProto_default_value),
                           &field_ondefaultval, NULL);
  } else if (m == D(FieldOptions)) {
    upb_handlers_setbool(h, D(FieldOptions_lazy), &field_onlazy, NULL);
    upb_handlers_setbool(h, D(FieldOptions_packed), &field_onpacked, NULL);
  }
}

#undef D

const upb_handlers *upb_descreader_newhandlers(const void *owner) {
  const upb_symtab *s = upbdefs_google_protobuf_descriptor(&s);
  const upb_handlers *h = upb_handlers_newfrozen(
      upbdefs_google_protobuf_FileDescriptorSet(s), owner, reghandlers, s);
  upb_symtab_unref(s, &s);
  return h;
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2013 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 *
 * Code to compile a upb::Handlers into bytecode for decoding a protobuf
 * according to that specific schema and destination handlers.
 *
 * Compiling to bytecode is always the first step.  If we are using the
 * interpreted decoder we leave it as bytecode and interpret that.  If we are
 * using a JIT decoder we use a code generator to turn the bytecode into native
 * code, LLVM IR, etc.
 *
 * Bytecode definition is in decoder.int.h.
 */

#include <stdarg.h>

#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
#include <stdio.h>
#endif

#define MAXLABEL 5
#define EMPTYLABEL -1

/* mgroup *********************************************************************/

static void freegroup(upb_refcounted *r) {
  mgroup *g = (mgroup*)r;
  upb_inttable_uninit(&g->methods);
#ifdef UPB_USE_JIT_X64
  upb_pbdecoder_freejit(g);
#endif
  free(g->bytecode);
  free(g);
}

static void visitgroup(const upb_refcounted *r, upb_refcounted_visit *visit,
                       void *closure) {
  const mgroup *g = (const mgroup*)r;
  upb_inttable_iter i;
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &g->methods);
  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    upb_pbdecodermethod *method = upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));
    visit(r, UPB_UPCAST(method), closure);
  }
}

mgroup *newgroup(const void *owner) {
  mgroup *g = malloc(sizeof(*g));
  static const struct upb_refcounted_vtbl vtbl = {visitgroup, freegroup};
  upb_refcounted_init(UPB_UPCAST(g), &vtbl, owner);
  upb_inttable_init(&g->methods, UPB_CTYPE_PTR);
  g->bytecode = NULL;
  g->bytecode_end = NULL;
  return g;
}


/* upb_pbdecodermethod ********************************************************/

static void freemethod(upb_refcounted *r) {
  upb_pbdecodermethod *method = (upb_pbdecodermethod*)r;
  upb_byteshandler_uninit(&method->input_handler_);

  if (method->dest_handlers_) {
    upb_handlers_unref(method->dest_handlers_, method);
  }

  upb_inttable_uninit(&method->dispatch);
  free(method);
}

static void visitmethod(const upb_refcounted *r, upb_refcounted_visit *visit,
                        void *closure) {
  const upb_pbdecodermethod *m = (const upb_pbdecodermethod*)r;
  visit(r, m->group, closure);
}

static upb_pbdecodermethod *newmethod(const upb_handlers *dest_handlers,
                                      mgroup *group) {
  static const struct upb_refcounted_vtbl vtbl = {visitmethod, freemethod};
  upb_pbdecodermethod *ret = malloc(sizeof(*ret));
  upb_refcounted_init(UPB_UPCAST(ret), &vtbl, &ret);
  upb_byteshandler_init(&ret->input_handler_);

  // The method references the group and vice-versa, in a circular reference.
  upb_ref2(ret, group);
  upb_ref2(group, ret);
  upb_inttable_insertptr(&group->methods, dest_handlers, upb_value_ptr(ret));
  upb_refcounted_unref(UPB_UPCAST(ret), &ret);

  ret->group = UPB_UPCAST(group);
  ret->dest_handlers_ = dest_handlers;
  ret->is_native_ = false;  // If we JIT, it will update this later.
  upb_inttable_init(&ret->dispatch, UPB_CTYPE_UINT64);

  if (ret->dest_handlers_) {
    upb_handlers_ref(ret->dest_handlers_, ret);
  }
  return ret;
}

void upb_pbdecodermethod_ref(const upb_pbdecodermethod *m, const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_ref(UPB_UPCAST(m), owner);
}

void upb_pbdecodermethod_unref(const upb_pbdecodermethod *m,
                               const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_unref(UPB_UPCAST(m), owner);
}

void upb_pbdecodermethod_donateref(const upb_pbdecodermethod *m,
                                   const void *from, const void *to) {
  upb_refcounted_donateref(UPB_UPCAST(m), from, to);
}

void upb_pbdecodermethod_checkref(const upb_pbdecodermethod *m,
                                  const void *owner) {
  upb_refcounted_checkref(UPB_UPCAST(m), owner);
}

const upb_handlers *upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(
    const upb_pbdecodermethod *m) {
  return m->dest_handlers_;
}

const upb_byteshandler *upb_pbdecodermethod_inputhandler(
    const upb_pbdecodermethod *m) {
  return &m->input_handler_;
}

bool upb_pbdecodermethod_isnative(const upb_pbdecodermethod *m) {
  return m->is_native_;
}

const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbdecodermethod_new(
    const upb_pbdecodermethodopts *opts, const void *owner) {
  upb_pbcodecache cache;
  upb_pbcodecache_init(&cache);
  const upb_pbdecodermethod *ret =
      upb_pbcodecache_getdecodermethod(&cache, opts);
  upb_pbdecodermethod_ref(ret, owner);
  upb_pbcodecache_uninit(&cache);
  return ret;
}


/* bytecode compiler **********************************************************/

// Data used only at compilation time.
typedef struct {
  mgroup *group;

  uint32_t *pc;
  int fwd_labels[MAXLABEL];
  int back_labels[MAXLABEL];

  // For fields marked "lazy", parse them lazily or eagerly?
  bool lazy;
} compiler;

static compiler *newcompiler(mgroup *group, bool lazy) {
  compiler *ret = malloc(sizeof(*ret));
  ret->group = group;
  ret->lazy = lazy;
  for (int i = 0; i < MAXLABEL; i++) {
    ret->fwd_labels[i] = EMPTYLABEL;
    ret->back_labels[i] = EMPTYLABEL;
  }
  return ret;
}

static void freecompiler(compiler *c) {
  free(c);
}

const size_t ptr_words = sizeof(void*) / sizeof(uint32_t);

// How many words an instruction is.
static int instruction_len(uint32_t instr) {
  switch (getop(instr)) {
    case OP_SETDISPATCH: return 1 + ptr_words;
    case OP_TAGN: return 3;
    case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM: return 2;
    default: return 1;
  }
}

bool op_has_longofs(int32_t instruction) {
  switch (getop(instruction)) {
    case OP_CALL:
    case OP_BRANCH:
    case OP_CHECKDELIM:
      return true;
    // The "tag" instructions only have 8 bytes available for the jump target,
    // but that is ok because these opcodes only require short jumps.
    case OP_TAG1:
    case OP_TAG2:
    case OP_TAGN:
      return false;
    default:
      assert(false);
      return false;
  }
}

static int32_t getofs(uint32_t instruction) {
  if (op_has_longofs(instruction)) {
    return (int32_t)instruction >> 8;
  } else {
    return (int8_t)(instruction >> 8);
  }
}

static void setofs(uint32_t *instruction, int32_t ofs) {
  if (op_has_longofs(*instruction)) {
    *instruction = getop(*instruction) | ofs << 8;
  } else {
    *instruction = (*instruction & ~0xff00) | ((ofs & 0xff) << 8);
  }
  assert(getofs(*instruction) == ofs);  // Would fail in cases of overflow.
}

static uint32_t pcofs(compiler *c) { return c->pc - c->group->bytecode; }

// Defines a local label at the current PC location.  All previous forward
// references are updated to point to this location.  The location is noted
// for any future backward references.
static void label(compiler *c, unsigned int label) {
  assert(label < MAXLABEL);
  int val = c->fwd_labels[label];
  uint32_t *codep = (val == EMPTYLABEL) ? NULL : c->group->bytecode + val;
  while (codep) {
    int ofs = getofs(*codep);
    setofs(codep, c->pc - codep - instruction_len(*codep));
    codep = ofs ? codep + ofs : NULL;
  }
  c->fwd_labels[label] = EMPTYLABEL;
  c->back_labels[label] = pcofs(c);
}

// Creates a reference to a numbered label; either a forward reference
// (positive arg) or backward reference (negative arg).  For forward references
// the value returned now is actually a "next" pointer into a linked list of all
// instructions that use this label and will be patched later when the label is
// defined with label().
//
// The returned value is the offset that should be written into the instruction.
static int32_t labelref(compiler *c, int label) {
  assert(label < MAXLABEL);
  if (label == LABEL_DISPATCH) {
    // No resolving required.
    return 0;
  } else if (label < 0) {
    // Backward local label.  Relative to the next instruction.
    uint32_t from = (c->pc + 1) - c->group->bytecode;
    return c->back_labels[-label] - from;
  } else {
    // Forward local label: prepend to (possibly-empty) linked list.
    int *lptr = &c->fwd_labels[label];
    int32_t ret = (*lptr == EMPTYLABEL) ? 0 : *lptr - pcofs(c);
    *lptr = pcofs(c);
    return ret;
  }
}

static void put32(compiler *c, uint32_t v) {
  mgroup *g = c->group;
  if (c->pc == g->bytecode_end) {
    int ofs = pcofs(c);
    size_t oldsize = g->bytecode_end - g->bytecode;
    size_t newsize = UPB_MAX(oldsize * 2, 64);
    // TODO(haberman): handle OOM.
    g->bytecode = realloc(g->bytecode, newsize * sizeof(uint32_t));
    g->bytecode_end = g->bytecode + newsize;
    c->pc = g->bytecode + ofs;
  }
  *c->pc++ = v;
}

static void putop(compiler *c, opcode op, ...) {
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, op);

  switch (op) {
    case OP_SETDISPATCH: {
      uintptr_t ptr = (uintptr_t)va_arg(ap, void*);
      put32(c, OP_SETDISPATCH);
      put32(c, ptr);
      if (sizeof(uintptr_t) > sizeof(uint32_t))
        put32(c, (uint64_t)ptr >> 32);
      break;
    }
    case OP_STARTMSG:
    case OP_ENDMSG:
    case OP_PUSHLENDELIM:
    case OP_POP:
    case OP_SETDELIM:
    case OP_HALT:
    case OP_RET:
      put32(c, op);
      break;
    case OP_PARSE_DOUBLE:
    case OP_PARSE_FLOAT:
    case OP_PARSE_INT64:
    case OP_PARSE_UINT64:
    case OP_PARSE_INT32:
    case OP_PARSE_FIXED64:
    case OP_PARSE_FIXED32:
    case OP_PARSE_BOOL:
    case OP_PARSE_UINT32:
    case OP_PARSE_SFIXED32:
    case OP_PARSE_SFIXED64:
    case OP_PARSE_SINT32:
    case OP_PARSE_SINT64:
    case OP_STARTSEQ:
    case OP_ENDSEQ:
    case OP_STARTSUBMSG:
    case OP_ENDSUBMSG:
    case OP_STARTSTR:
    case OP_STRING:
    case OP_ENDSTR:
    case OP_PUSHTAGDELIM:
      put32(c, op | va_arg(ap, upb_selector_t) << 8);
      break;
    case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM:
      put32(c, op);
      put32(c, va_arg(ap, int));
      break;
    case OP_CALL: {
      const upb_pbdecodermethod *method = va_arg(ap, upb_pbdecodermethod *);
      put32(c, op | (method->code_base.ofs - (pcofs(c) + 1)) << 8);
      break;
    }
    case OP_CHECKDELIM:
    case OP_BRANCH: {
      uint32_t instruction = op;
      int label = va_arg(ap, int);
      setofs(&instruction, labelref(c, label));
      put32(c, instruction);
      break;
    }
    case OP_TAG1:
    case OP_TAG2: {
      int label = va_arg(ap, int);
      uint64_t tag = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
      uint32_t instruction = op | (tag << 16);
      assert(tag <= 0xffff);
      setofs(&instruction, labelref(c, label));
      put32(c, instruction);
      break;
    }
    case OP_TAGN: {
      int label = va_arg(ap, int);
      uint64_t tag = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
      uint32_t instruction = op | (upb_value_size(tag) << 16);
      setofs(&instruction, labelref(c, label));
      put32(c, instruction);
      put32(c, tag);
      put32(c, tag >> 32);
      break;
    }
  }

  va_end(ap);
}

#if defined(UPB_USE_JIT_X64) || defined(UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE)

const char *upb_pbdecoder_getopname(unsigned int op) {
#define OP(op) [OP_ ## op] = "OP_" #op
#define T(op) OP(PARSE_##op)
  static const char *names[] = {
    "<no opcode>",
    T(DOUBLE), T(FLOAT), T(INT64), T(UINT64), T(INT32), T(FIXED64), T(FIXED32),
    T(BOOL), T(UINT32), T(SFIXED32), T(SFIXED64), T(SINT32), T(SINT64),
    OP(STARTMSG), OP(ENDMSG), OP(STARTSEQ), OP(ENDSEQ), OP(STARTSUBMSG),
    OP(ENDSUBMSG), OP(STARTSTR), OP(STRING), OP(ENDSTR), OP(CALL), OP(RET),
    OP(PUSHLENDELIM), OP(PUSHTAGDELIM), OP(SETDELIM), OP(CHECKDELIM),
    OP(BRANCH), OP(TAG1), OP(TAG2), OP(TAGN), OP(SETDISPATCH), OP(POP),
    OP(SETBIGGROUPNUM), OP(HALT),
  };
  return op > OP_HALT ? names[0] : names[op];
#undef OP
#undef T
}

#endif

#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE

static void dumpbc(uint32_t *p, uint32_t *end, FILE *f) {

  uint32_t *begin = p;

  while (p < end) {
    fprintf(f, "%p  %8tx", p, p - begin);
    uint32_t instr = *p++;
    uint8_t op = getop(instr);
    fprintf(f, " %s", upb_pbdecoder_getopname(op));
    switch ((opcode)op) {
      case OP_SETDISPATCH: {
        const upb_inttable *dispatch;
        memcpy(&dispatch, p, sizeof(void*));
        p += ptr_words;
        const upb_pbdecodermethod *method =
            (void *)((char *)dispatch -
                     offsetof(upb_pbdecodermethod, dispatch));
        fprintf(f, " %s", upb_msgdef_fullname(
                              upb_handlers_msgdef(method->dest_handlers_)));
        break;
      }
      case OP_STARTMSG:
      case OP_ENDMSG:
      case OP_PUSHLENDELIM:
      case OP_POP:
      case OP_SETDELIM:
      case OP_HALT:
      case OP_RET:
        break;
      case OP_PARSE_DOUBLE:
      case OP_PARSE_FLOAT:
      case OP_PARSE_INT64:
      case OP_PARSE_UINT64:
      case OP_PARSE_INT32:
      case OP_PARSE_FIXED64:
      case OP_PARSE_FIXED32:
      case OP_PARSE_BOOL:
      case OP_PARSE_UINT32:
      case OP_PARSE_SFIXED32:
      case OP_PARSE_SFIXED64:
      case OP_PARSE_SINT32:
      case OP_PARSE_SINT64:
      case OP_STARTSEQ:
      case OP_ENDSEQ:
      case OP_STARTSUBMSG:
      case OP_ENDSUBMSG:
      case OP_STARTSTR:
      case OP_STRING:
      case OP_ENDSTR:
      case OP_PUSHTAGDELIM:
        fprintf(f, " %d", instr >> 8);
        break;
      case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM:
        fprintf(f, " %d", *p++);
        break;
      case OP_CHECKDELIM:
      case OP_CALL:
      case OP_BRANCH:
        fprintf(f, " =>0x%tx", p + getofs(instr) - begin);
        break;
      case OP_TAG1:
      case OP_TAG2: {
        fprintf(f, " tag:0x%x", instr >> 16);
        if (getofs(instr)) {
          fprintf(f, " =>0x%tx", p + getofs(instr) - begin);
        }
        break;
      }
      case OP_TAGN: {
        uint64_t tag = *p++;
        tag |= (uint64_t)*p++ << 32;
        fprintf(f, " tag:0x%llx", (long long)tag);
        fprintf(f, " n:%d", instr >> 16);
        if (getofs(instr)) {
          fprintf(f, " =>0x%tx", p + getofs(instr) - begin);
        }
        break;
      }
    }
    fputs("\n", f);
  }
}

#endif

static uint64_t get_encoded_tag(const upb_fielddef *f, int wire_type) {
  uint32_t tag = (upb_fielddef_number(f) << 3) | wire_type;
  uint64_t encoded_tag = upb_vencode32(tag);
  // No tag should be greater than 5 bytes.
  assert(encoded_tag <= 0xffffffffff);
  return encoded_tag;
}

static void putchecktag(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
                        int wire_type, int dest) {
  uint64_t tag = get_encoded_tag(f, wire_type);
  switch (upb_value_size(tag)) {
    case 1:
      putop(c, OP_TAG1, dest, tag);
      break;
    case 2:
      putop(c, OP_TAG2, dest, tag);
      break;
    default:
      putop(c, OP_TAGN, dest, tag);
      break;
  }
}

static upb_selector_t getsel(const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type) {
  upb_selector_t selector;
  bool ok = upb_handlers_getselector(f, type, &selector);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
  return selector;
}

// Takes an existing, primary dispatch table entry and repacks it with a
// different alternate wire type.  Called when we are inserting a secondary
// dispatch table entry for an alternate wire type.
static uint64_t repack(uint64_t dispatch, int new_wt2) {
  uint64_t ofs;
  uint8_t wt1;
  uint8_t old_wt2;
  upb_pbdecoder_unpackdispatch(dispatch, &ofs, &wt1, &old_wt2);
  assert(old_wt2 == NO_WIRE_TYPE);  // wt2 should not be set yet.
  return upb_pbdecoder_packdispatch(ofs, wt1, new_wt2);
}

// Marks the current bytecode position as the dispatch target for this message,
// field, and wire type.
static void dispatchtarget(compiler *c, upb_pbdecodermethod *method,
                           const upb_fielddef *f, int wire_type) {
  // Offset is relative to msg base.
  uint64_t ofs = pcofs(c) - method->code_base.ofs;
  uint32_t fn = upb_fielddef_number(f);
  upb_inttable *d = &method->dispatch;
  upb_value v;
  if (upb_inttable_remove(d, fn, &v)) {
    // TODO: prioritize based on packed setting in .proto file.
    uint64_t repacked = repack(upb_value_getuint64(v), wire_type);
    upb_inttable_insert(d, fn, upb_value_uint64(repacked));
    upb_inttable_insert(d, fn + UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER, upb_value_uint64(ofs));
  } else {
    uint64_t val = upb_pbdecoder_packdispatch(ofs, wire_type, NO_WIRE_TYPE);
    upb_inttable_insert(d, fn, upb_value_uint64(val));
  }
}

static void putpush(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f) {
  if (upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f) == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
  } else {
    uint32_t fn = upb_fielddef_number(f);
    if (fn >= 1 << 24) {
      putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
      putop(c, OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM, fn);
    } else {
      putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, fn);
    }
  }
}

static upb_pbdecodermethod *find_submethod(const compiler *c,
                                           const upb_pbdecodermethod *method,
                                           const upb_fielddef *f) {
  const upb_handlers *sub =
      upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(method->dest_handlers_, f);
  upb_value v;
  return upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->group->methods, sub, &v)
             ? upb_value_getptr(v)
             : NULL;
}

static void putsel(compiler *c, opcode op, upb_selector_t sel,
                   const upb_handlers *h) {
  if (upb_handlers_gethandler(h, sel)) {
    putop(c, op, sel);
  }
}

// Puts an opcode to call a callback, but only if a callback actually exists for
// this field and handler type.
static void maybeput(compiler *c, opcode op, const upb_handlers *h,
                     const upb_fielddef *f, upb_handlertype_t type) {
  putsel(c, op, getsel(f, type), h);
}

static bool haslazyhandlers(const upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f) {
  if (!upb_fielddef_lazy(f))
    return false;

  return upb_handlers_gethandler(h, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR)) ||
         upb_handlers_gethandler(h, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING)) ||
         upb_handlers_gethandler(h, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR));
}


/* bytecode compiler code generation ******************************************/

// Symbolic names for our local labels.
#define LABEL_LOOPSTART 1  // Top of a repeated field loop.
#define LABEL_LOOPBREAK 2  // To jump out of a repeated loop
#define LABEL_FIELD     3  // Jump backward to find the most recent field.
#define LABEL_ENDMSG    4  // To reach the OP_ENDMSG instr for this msg.

// Generates bytecode to parse a single non-lazy message field.
static void generate_msgfield(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
                              upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
  const upb_handlers *h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
  const upb_pbdecodermethod *sub_m = find_submethod(c, method, f);

  if (!sub_m) {
    // Don't emit any code for this field at all; it will be parsed as an
    // unknown field.
    return;
  }

  label(c, LABEL_FIELD);

  int wire_type =
      (upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f) == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE)
          ? UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED
          : UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP;

  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_DISPATCH);
   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
    putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));
   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
    putpush(c, f);
    putop(c, OP_STARTSUBMSG, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG));
    putop(c, OP_CALL, sub_m);
    putop(c, OP_POP);
    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSUBMSG, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG);
    if (wire_type == UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED) {
      putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
    }
    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
   label(c, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
    putop(c, OP_POP);
    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSEQ, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
  } else {
    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_DISPATCH);
   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
    putpush(c, f);
    putop(c, OP_STARTSUBMSG, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG));
    putop(c, OP_CALL, sub_m);
    putop(c, OP_POP);
    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSUBMSG, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG);
    if (wire_type == UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED) {
      putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
    }
  }
}

// Generates bytecode to parse a single string or lazy submessage field.
static void generate_delimfield(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
                                upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
  const upb_handlers *h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);

  label(c, LABEL_FIELD);
  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_DISPATCH);
   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
    putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));
   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
    putop(c, OP_STARTSTR, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR));
    // Need to emit even if no handler to skip past the string.
    putop(c, OP_STRING, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING));
    putop(c, OP_POP);
    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSTR, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
    putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
   label(c, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
    putop(c, OP_POP);
    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSEQ, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
  } else {
    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_DISPATCH);
   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
    putop(c, OP_STARTSTR, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR));
    putop(c, OP_STRING, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STRING));
    putop(c, OP_POP);
    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSTR, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
    putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);
  }
}

// Generates bytecode to parse a single primitive field.
static void generate_primitivefield(compiler *c, const upb_fielddef *f,
                                    upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
  label(c, LABEL_FIELD);

  const upb_handlers *h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
  upb_descriptortype_t descriptor_type = upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f);

  // From a decoding perspective, ENUM is the same as INT32.
  if (descriptor_type == UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ENUM)
    descriptor_type = UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INT32;

  opcode parse_type = (opcode)descriptor_type;

  // TODO(haberman): generate packed or non-packed first depending on "packed"
  // setting in the fielddef.  This will favor (in speed) whichever was
  // specified.

  assert((int)parse_type >= 0 && parse_type <= OP_MAX);
  upb_selector_t sel = getsel(f, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(f));
  int wire_type = upb_pb_native_wire_types[upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f)];
  if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
    putchecktag(c, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED, LABEL_DISPATCH);
   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED);
    putop(c, OP_PUSHLENDELIM);
    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));  // Packed
   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
    putop(c, parse_type, sel);
    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
    putop(c, OP_PUSHTAGDELIM, 0);
    putop(c, OP_STARTSEQ, getsel(f, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ));  // Non-packed
   label(c, LABEL_LOOPSTART);
    putop(c, parse_type, sel);
    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
    putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_LOOPSTART);
   label(c, LABEL_LOOPBREAK);
    putop(c, OP_POP);  // Packed and non-packed join.
    maybeput(c, OP_ENDSEQ, h, f, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
    putop(c, OP_SETDELIM);  // Could remove for non-packed by dup ENDSEQ.
  } else {
    putop(c, OP_CHECKDELIM, LABEL_ENDMSG);
    putchecktag(c, f, wire_type, LABEL_DISPATCH);
   dispatchtarget(c, method, f, wire_type);
    putop(c, parse_type, sel);
  }
}

// Adds bytecode for parsing the given message to the given decoderplan,
// while adding all dispatch targets to this message's dispatch table.
static void compile_method(compiler *c, upb_pbdecodermethod *method) {
  assert(method);

  // Clear all entries in the dispatch table.
  upb_inttable_uninit(&method->dispatch);
  upb_inttable_init(&method->dispatch, UPB_CTYPE_UINT64);

  const upb_handlers *h = upb_pbdecodermethod_desthandlers(method);
  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);

 method->code_base.ofs = pcofs(c);
  putop(c, OP_SETDISPATCH, &method->dispatch);
  putsel(c, OP_STARTMSG, UPB_STARTMSG_SELECTOR, h);
 label(c, LABEL_FIELD);
  upb_msg_iter i;
  for(upb_msg_begin(&i, md); !upb_msg_done(&i); upb_msg_next(&i)) {
    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
    upb_fieldtype_t type = upb_fielddef_type(f);

    if (type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE && !(haslazyhandlers(h, f) && c->lazy)) {
      generate_msgfield(c, f, method);
    } else if (type == UPB_TYPE_STRING || type == UPB_TYPE_BYTES ||
               type == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
      generate_delimfield(c, f, method);
    } else {
      generate_primitivefield(c, f, method);
    }
  }

  // For now we just loop back to the last field of the message (or if none,
  // the DISPATCH opcode for the message.
  putop(c, OP_BRANCH, -LABEL_FIELD);

  // Insert both a label and a dispatch table entry for this end-of-msg.
 label(c, LABEL_ENDMSG);
  upb_value val = upb_value_uint64(pcofs(c) - method->code_base.ofs);
  upb_inttable_insert(&method->dispatch, DISPATCH_ENDMSG, val);

  putsel(c, OP_ENDMSG, UPB_ENDMSG_SELECTOR, h);
  putop(c, OP_RET);

  upb_inttable_compact(&method->dispatch);
}

// Populate "methods" with new upb_pbdecodermethod objects reachable from "h".
// Returns the method for these handlers.
//
// Generates a new method for every destination handlers reachable from "h".
static void find_methods(compiler *c, const upb_handlers *h) {
  upb_value v;
  if (upb_inttable_lookupptr(&c->group->methods, h, &v))
    return;
  newmethod(h, c->group);

  // Find submethods.
  upb_msg_iter i;
  const upb_msgdef *md = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
  for(upb_msg_begin(&i, md); !upb_msg_done(&i); upb_msg_next(&i)) {
    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
    const upb_handlers *sub_h;
    if (upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE &&
        (sub_h = upb_handlers_getsubhandlers(h, f)) != NULL) {
      // We only generate a decoder method for submessages with handlers.
      // Others will be parsed as unknown fields.
      find_methods(c, sub_h);
    }
  }
}

// (Re-)compile bytecode for all messages in "msgs."
// Overwrites any existing bytecode in "c".
static void compile_methods(compiler *c) {
  // Start over at the beginning of the bytecode.
  c->pc = c->group->bytecode;

  upb_inttable_iter i;
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &c->group->methods);
  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    upb_pbdecodermethod *method = upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));
    compile_method(c, method);
  }
}

static void set_bytecode_handlers(mgroup *g) {
  upb_inttable_iter i;
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &g->methods);
  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    upb_pbdecodermethod *m = upb_value_getptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));

    m->code_base.ptr = g->bytecode + m->code_base.ofs;

    upb_byteshandler *h = &m->input_handler_;
    upb_byteshandler_setstartstr(h, upb_pbdecoder_startbc, m->code_base.ptr);
    upb_byteshandler_setstring(h, upb_pbdecoder_decode, g);
    upb_byteshandler_setendstr(h, upb_pbdecoder_end, m);
  }
}


/* JIT setup. ******************************************************************/

#ifdef UPB_USE_JIT_X64

static void sethandlers(mgroup *g, bool allowjit) {
  g->jit_code = NULL;
  if (allowjit) {
    // Compile byte-code into machine code, create handlers.
    upb_pbdecoder_jit(g);
  } else {
    set_bytecode_handlers(g);
  }
}

#else  // UPB_USE_JIT_X64

static void sethandlers(mgroup *g, bool allowjit) {
  // No JIT compiled in; use bytecode handlers unconditionally.
  UPB_UNUSED(allowjit);
  set_bytecode_handlers(g);
}

#endif  // UPB_USE_JIT_X64


// TODO(haberman): allow this to be constructed for an arbitrary set of dest
// handlers and other mgroups (but verify we have a transitive closure).
const mgroup *mgroup_new(const upb_handlers *dest, bool allowjit, bool lazy,
                         const void *owner) {
  UPB_UNUSED(allowjit);
  assert(upb_handlers_isfrozen(dest));

  mgroup *g = newgroup(owner);
  compiler *c = newcompiler(g, lazy);
  find_methods(c, dest);

  // We compile in two passes:
  // 1. all messages are assigned relative offsets from the beginning of the
  //    bytecode (saved in method->code_base).
  // 2. forwards OP_CALL instructions can be correctly linked since message
  //    offsets have been previously assigned.
  //
  // Could avoid the second pass by linking OP_CALL instructions somehow.
  compile_methods(c);
  compile_methods(c);
  g->bytecode_end = c->pc;
  freecompiler(c);

#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
  FILE *f = fopen("/tmp/upb-bytecode", "wb");
  assert(f);
  dumpbc(g->bytecode, g->bytecode_end, stderr);
  dumpbc(g->bytecode, g->bytecode_end, f);
  fclose(f);
#endif

  sethandlers(g, allowjit);
  return g;
}


/* upb_pbcodecache ************************************************************/

void upb_pbcodecache_init(upb_pbcodecache *c) {
  upb_inttable_init(&c->groups, UPB_CTYPE_CONSTPTR);
  c->allow_jit_ = true;
}

void upb_pbcodecache_uninit(upb_pbcodecache *c) {
  upb_inttable_iter i;
  upb_inttable_begin(&i, &c->groups);
  for(; !upb_inttable_done(&i); upb_inttable_next(&i)) {
    const mgroup *group = upb_value_getconstptr(upb_inttable_iter_value(&i));
    upb_refcounted_unref(UPB_UPCAST(group), c);
  }
  upb_inttable_uninit(&c->groups);
}

bool upb_pbcodecache_allowjit(const upb_pbcodecache *c) {
  return c->allow_jit_;
}

bool upb_pbcodecache_setallowjit(upb_pbcodecache *c, bool allow) {
  if (upb_inttable_count(&c->groups) > 0)
    return false;
  c->allow_jit_ = allow;
  return true;
}

const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbcodecache_getdecodermethod(
    upb_pbcodecache *c, const upb_pbdecodermethodopts *opts) {
  // Right now we build a new DecoderMethod every time.
  // TODO(haberman): properly cache methods by their true key.
  const mgroup *g = mgroup_new(opts->handlers, c->allow_jit_, opts->lazy, c);
  upb_inttable_push(&c->groups, upb_value_constptr(g));

  upb_value v;
  bool ok = upb_inttable_lookupptr(&g->methods, opts->handlers, &v);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
  return upb_value_getptr(v);
}


/* upb_pbdecodermethodopts ****************************************************/

void upb_pbdecodermethodopts_init(upb_pbdecodermethodopts *opts,
                                  const upb_handlers *h) {
  opts->handlers = h;
  opts->lazy = false;
}

void upb_pbdecodermethodopts_setlazy(upb_pbdecodermethodopts *opts, bool lazy) {
  opts->lazy = lazy;
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2013 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 *
 * This file implements a VM for the interpreted (bytecode) decoder.
 *
 * Bytecode must previously have been generated using the bytecode compiler in
 * compile_decoder.c.  This decoder then walks through the bytecode op-by-op to
 * parse the input.
 *
 * Decoding is fully resumable; we just keep a pointer to the current bytecode
 * instruction and resume from there.  A fair amount of the logic here is to
 * handle the fact that values can span buffer seams and we have to be able to
 * be capable of suspending/resuming from any byte in the stream.  This
 * sometimes requires keeping a few trailing bytes from the last buffer around
 * in the "residual" buffer.
 */

#include <inttypes.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
#include <stdio.h>
#endif

#define CHECK_SUSPEND(x) if (!(x)) return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);

// Error messages that are shared between the bytecode and JIT decoders.
const char *kPbDecoderStackOverflow = "Nesting too deep.";

// Error messages shared within this file.
static const char *kUnterminatedVarint = "Unterminated varint.";

/* upb_pbdecoder **************************************************************/

static opcode halt = OP_HALT;

// Whether an op consumes any of the input buffer.
static bool consumes_input(opcode op) {
  switch (op) {
    case OP_SETDISPATCH:
    case OP_STARTMSG:
    case OP_ENDMSG:
    case OP_STARTSEQ:
    case OP_ENDSEQ:
    case OP_STARTSUBMSG:
    case OP_ENDSUBMSG:
    case OP_STARTSTR:
    case OP_ENDSTR:
    case OP_PUSHTAGDELIM:
    case OP_POP:
    case OP_SETDELIM:
    case OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM:
    case OP_CHECKDELIM:
    case OP_CALL:
    case OP_RET:
    case OP_BRANCH:
      return false;
    default:
      return true;
  }
}

static bool in_residual_buf(const upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *p);

// It's unfortunate that we have to micro-manage the compiler this way,
// especially since this tuning is necessarily specific to one hardware
// configuration.  But emperically on a Core i7, performance increases 30-50%
// with these annotations.  Every instance where these appear, gcc 4.2.1 made
// the wrong decision and degraded performance in benchmarks.
#define FORCEINLINE static inline __attribute__((always_inline))
#define NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))

static void seterr(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *msg) {
  // TODO(haberman): encapsulate this access to pipeline->status, but not sure
  // exactly what that interface should look like.
  upb_status_seterrmsg(d->status, msg);
}

void upb_pbdecoder_seterr(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *msg) {
  seterr(d, msg);
}


/* Buffering ******************************************************************/

// We operate on one buffer at a time, which is either the user's buffer passed
// to our "decode" callback or some residual bytes from the previous buffer.

// How many bytes can be safely read from d->ptr without reading past end-of-buf
// or past the current delimited end.
static size_t curbufleft(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  assert(d->data_end >= d->ptr);
  return d->data_end - d->ptr;
}

// Overall stream offset of d->ptr.
uint64_t offset(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  return d->bufstart_ofs + (d->ptr - d->buf);
}

// Advances d->ptr.
static void advance(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t len) {
  assert(curbufleft(d) >= len);
  d->ptr += len;
}

static bool in_buf(const char *p, const char *buf, const char *end) {
  return p >= buf && p <= end;
}

static bool in_residual_buf(const upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *p) {
  return in_buf(p, d->residual, d->residual_end);
}

// Calculates the delim_end value, which is affected by both the current buffer
// and the parsing stack, so must be called whenever either is updated.
static void set_delim_end(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  size_t delim_ofs = d->top->end_ofs - d->bufstart_ofs;
  if (delim_ofs <= (d->end - d->buf)) {
    d->delim_end = d->buf + delim_ofs;
    d->data_end = d->delim_end;
  } else {
    d->data_end = d->end;
    d->delim_end = NULL;
  }
}

static void switchtobuf(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *buf, const char *end) {
  d->ptr = buf;
  d->buf = buf;
  d->end = end;
  set_delim_end(d);
}

static void advancetobuf(upb_pbdecoder *d, const char *buf, size_t len) {
  assert(curbufleft(d) == 0);
  d->bufstart_ofs += (d->end - d->buf);
  switchtobuf(d, buf, buf + len);
}

static void checkpoint(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  // The assertion here is in the interests of efficiency, not correctness.
  // We are trying to ensure that we don't checkpoint() more often than
  // necessary.
  assert(d->checkpoint != d->ptr);
  d->checkpoint = d->ptr;
}

// Resumes the decoder from an initial state or from a previous suspend.
int32_t upb_pbdecoder_resume(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *p, const char *buf,
                             size_t size, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(p);  // Useless; just for the benefit of the JIT.
  d->buf_param = buf;
  d->size_param = size;
  d->handle = handle;
  if (d->residual_end > d->residual) {
    // We have residual bytes from the last buffer.
    assert(d->ptr == d->residual);
  } else {
    switchtobuf(d, buf, buf + size);
  }
  d->checkpoint = d->ptr;
  if (d->top->groupnum < 0) {
    CHECK_RETURN(upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(d, -1, 0));
    d->checkpoint = d->ptr;
  }
  return DECODE_OK;
}

// Suspends the decoder at the last checkpoint, without saving any residual
// bytes.  If there are any unconsumed bytes, returns a short byte count.
size_t upb_pbdecoder_suspend(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  d->pc = d->last;
  if (d->checkpoint == d->residual) {
    // Checkpoint was in residual buf; no user bytes were consumed.
    d->ptr = d->residual;
    return 0;
  } else {
    assert(!in_residual_buf(d, d->checkpoint));
    assert(d->buf == d->buf_param);
    size_t consumed = d->checkpoint - d->buf;
    d->bufstart_ofs += consumed;
    d->residual_end = d->residual;
    switchtobuf(d, d->residual, d->residual_end);
    return consumed;
  }
}

// Suspends the decoder at the last checkpoint, and saves any unconsumed
// bytes in our residual buffer.  This is necessary if we need more user
// bytes to form a complete value, which might not be contiguous in the
// user's buffers.  Always consumes all user bytes.
static size_t suspend_save(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  // We hit end-of-buffer before we could parse a full value.
  // Save any unconsumed bytes (if any) to the residual buffer.
  d->pc = d->last;

  if (d->checkpoint == d->residual) {
    // Checkpoint was in residual buf; append user byte(s) to residual buf.
    assert((d->residual_end - d->residual) + d->size_param <=
           sizeof(d->residual));
    if (!in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr)) {
      d->bufstart_ofs -= (d->residual_end - d->residual);
    }
    memcpy(d->residual_end, d->buf_param, d->size_param);
    d->residual_end += d->size_param;
  } else {
    // Checkpoint was in user buf; old residual bytes not needed.
    assert(!in_residual_buf(d, d->checkpoint));
    d->ptr = d->checkpoint;
    size_t save = curbufleft(d);
    assert(save <= sizeof(d->residual));
    memcpy(d->residual, d->ptr, save);
    d->residual_end = d->residual + save;
    d->bufstart_ofs = offset(d);
  }

  switchtobuf(d, d->residual, d->residual_end);
  return d->size_param;
}

// Skips "bytes" bytes in the stream, which may be more than available.  If we
// skip more bytes than are available, we return a long read count to the caller
// indicating how many bytes the caller should skip before passing a new buffer.
static int32_t skip(upb_pbdecoder *d, size_t bytes) {
  assert(!in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr) || d->size_param == 0);
  if (curbufleft(d) >= bytes) {
    // Skipped data is all in current buffer.
    advance(d, bytes);
    return DECODE_OK;
  } else {
    // Skipped data extends beyond currently available buffers.
    d->pc = d->last;
    size_t skip = bytes - curbufleft(d);
    d->bufstart_ofs += (d->end - d->buf) + skip;
    d->residual_end = d->residual;
    switchtobuf(d, d->residual, d->residual_end);
    return d->size_param + skip;
  }
}

// Copies the next "bytes" bytes into "buf" and advances the stream.
// Requires that this many bytes are available in the current buffer.
FORCEINLINE void consumebytes(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf, size_t bytes) {
  assert(bytes <= curbufleft(d));
  memcpy(buf, d->ptr, bytes);
  advance(d, bytes);
}

// Slow path for getting the next "bytes" bytes, regardless of whether they are
// available in the current buffer or not.  Returns a status code as described
// in decoder.int.h.
static NOINLINE int32_t getbytes_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
                                      size_t bytes) {
  const size_t avail = curbufleft(d);
  consumebytes(d, buf, avail);
  bytes -= avail;
  assert(bytes > 0);
  if (in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr)) {
    advancetobuf(d, d->buf_param, d->size_param);
  }
  if (curbufleft(d) >= bytes) {
    consumebytes(d, buf + avail, bytes);
    return DECODE_OK;
  } else if (d->data_end == d->delim_end) {
    seterr(d, "Submessage ended in the middle of a value or group");
    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
  } else {
    return suspend_save(d);
  }
}

// Gets the next "bytes" bytes, regardless of whether they are available in the
// current buffer or not.  Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
FORCEINLINE int32_t getbytes(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf, size_t bytes) {
  if (curbufleft(d) >= bytes) {
    // Buffer has enough data to satisfy.
    consumebytes(d, buf, bytes);
    return DECODE_OK;
  } else {
    return getbytes_slow(d, buf, bytes);
  }
}

static NOINLINE size_t peekbytes_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf,
                                      size_t bytes) {
  size_t ret = curbufleft(d);
  memcpy(buf, d->ptr, ret);
  if (in_residual_buf(d, d->ptr)) {
    size_t copy = UPB_MIN(bytes - ret, d->size_param);
    memcpy(buf + ret, d->buf_param, copy);
    ret += copy;
  }
  return ret;
}

FORCEINLINE size_t peekbytes(upb_pbdecoder *d, void *buf, size_t bytes) {
  if (curbufleft(d) >= bytes) {
    memcpy(buf, d->ptr, bytes);
    return bytes;
  } else {
    return peekbytes_slow(d, buf, bytes);
  }
}


/* Decoding of wire types *****************************************************/

// Slow path for decoding a varint from the current buffer position.
// Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
NOINLINE int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_varint_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d,
                                                  uint64_t *u64) {
  *u64 = 0;
  uint8_t byte = 0x80;
  int bitpos;
  for(bitpos = 0; bitpos < 70 && (byte & 0x80); bitpos += 7) {
    int32_t ret = getbytes(d, &byte, 1);
    if (ret >= 0) return ret;
    *u64 |= (uint64_t)(byte & 0x7F) << bitpos;
  }
  if(bitpos == 70 && (byte & 0x80)) {
    seterr(d, kUnterminatedVarint);
    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
  }
  return DECODE_OK;
}

// Decodes a varint from the current buffer position.
// Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
FORCEINLINE int32_t decode_varint(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64) {
  if (curbufleft(d) > 0 && !(*d->ptr & 0x80)) {
    *u64 = *d->ptr;
    advance(d, 1);
    return DECODE_OK;
  } else if (curbufleft(d) >= 10) {
    // Fast case.
    upb_decoderet r = upb_vdecode_fast(d->ptr);
    if (r.p == NULL) {
      seterr(d, kUnterminatedVarint);
      return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
    }
    advance(d, r.p - d->ptr);
    *u64 = r.val;
    return DECODE_OK;
  } else {
    // Slow case -- varint spans buffer seam.
    return upb_pbdecoder_decode_varint_slow(d, u64);
  }
}

// Decodes a 32-bit varint from the current buffer position.
// Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
FORCEINLINE int32_t decode_v32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32) {
  uint64_t u64;
  int32_t ret = decode_varint(d, &u64);
  if (ret >= 0) return ret;
  if (u64 > UINT32_MAX) {
    seterr(d, "Unterminated 32-bit varint");
    // TODO(haberman) guarantee that this function return is >= 0 somehow,
    // so we know this path will always be treated as error by our caller.
    // Right now the size_t -> int32_t can overflow and produce negative values.
    *u32 = 0;
    return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
  }
  *u32 = u64;
  return DECODE_OK;
}

// Decodes a fixed32 from the current buffer position.
// Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
// TODO: proper byte swapping for big-endian machines.
FORCEINLINE int32_t decode_fixed32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32) {
  return getbytes(d, u32, 4);
}

// Decodes a fixed64 from the current buffer position.
// Returns a status code as described in decoder.int.h.
// TODO: proper byte swapping for big-endian machines.
FORCEINLINE int32_t decode_fixed64(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64) {
  return getbytes(d, u64, 8);
}

// Non-static versions of the above functions.
// These are called by the JIT for fallback paths.
int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_f32(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t *u32) {
  return decode_fixed32(d, u32);
}

int32_t upb_pbdecoder_decode_f64(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t *u64) {
  return decode_fixed64(d, u64);
}

static double as_double(uint64_t n) { double d; memcpy(&d, &n, 8); return d; }
static float  as_float(uint32_t n)  { float  f; memcpy(&f, &n, 4); return f; }

// Pushes a frame onto the decoder stack.
static bool decoder_push(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint64_t end) {
  upb_pbdecoder_frame *fr = d->top;

  if (end > fr->end_ofs) {
    seterr(d, "Submessage end extends past enclosing submessage.");
    return false;
  } else if ((fr + 1) == d->limit) {
    seterr(d, kPbDecoderStackOverflow);
    return false;
  }

  fr++;
  fr->end_ofs = end;
  fr->dispatch = NULL;
  fr->groupnum = 0;
  d->top = fr;
  return true;
}

static bool pushtagdelim(upb_pbdecoder *d, uint32_t arg) {
  // While we expect to see an "end" tag (either ENDGROUP or a non-sequence
  // field number) prior to hitting any enclosing submessage end, pushing our
  // existing delim end prevents us from continuing to parse values from a
  // corrupt proto that doesn't give us an END tag in time.
  if (!decoder_push(d, d->top->end_ofs))
    return false;
  d->top->groupnum = arg;
  return true;
}

// Pops a frame from the decoder stack.
static void decoder_pop(upb_pbdecoder *d) { d->top--; }

NOINLINE int32_t upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(upb_pbdecoder *d,
                                             uint64_t expected) {
  uint64_t data = 0;
  size_t bytes = upb_value_size(expected);
  size_t read = peekbytes(d, &data, bytes);
  if (read == bytes && data == expected) {
    // Advance past matched bytes.
    int32_t ok = getbytes(d, &data, read);
    UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok < 0);
    return DECODE_OK;
  } else if (read < bytes && memcmp(&data, &expected, read) == 0) {
    return suspend_save(d);
  } else {
    return DECODE_MISMATCH;
  }
}

int32_t upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(upb_pbdecoder *d, int32_t fieldnum,
                                  uint8_t wire_type) {
  if (fieldnum >= 0)
    goto have_tag;

  while (true) {
    uint32_t tag;
    CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &tag));
    wire_type = tag & 0x7;
    fieldnum = tag >> 3;

have_tag:
    if (fieldnum == 0) {
      seterr(d, "Saw invalid field number (0)");
      return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
    }

    // TODO: deliver to unknown field callback.
    switch (wire_type) {
      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT:
        CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, 4));
        break;
      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT:
        CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, 8));
        break;
      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT: {
        uint64_t u64;
        CHECK_RETURN(decode_varint(d, &u64));
        break;
      }
      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED: {
        uint32_t len;
        CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &len));
        CHECK_RETURN(skip(d, len));
        break;
      }
      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP:
        CHECK_SUSPEND(pushtagdelim(d, -fieldnum));
        break;
      case UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP:
        if (fieldnum == -d->top->groupnum) {
          decoder_pop(d);
        } else if (fieldnum == d->top->groupnum) {
          return DECODE_ENDGROUP;
        } else {
          seterr(d, "Unmatched ENDGROUP tag.");
          return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
        }
        break;
      default:
        seterr(d, "Invalid wire type");
        return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
    }

    if (d->top->groupnum >= 0) {
      return DECODE_OK;
    }

    if (d->ptr == d->delim_end) {
      seterr(d, "Enclosing submessage ended in the middle of value or group");
      // Unlike most errors we notice during parsing, right now we have consumed
      // all of the user's input.
      //
      // There are three different options for how to handle this case:
      //
      //   1. decode() = short count, error = set
      //   2. decode() = full count, error = set
      //   3. decode() = full count, error NOT set, short count and error will
      //      be reported on next call to decode() (or end())
      //
      // (1) and (3) have the advantage that they preserve the invariant that an
      // error occurs iff decode() returns a short count.
      //
      // (2) and (3) have the advantage of reflecting the fact that all of the
      // bytes were in fact parsed (and possibly delivered to the unknown field
      // handler, in the future when that is supported).
      //
      // (3) requires extra state in the decode (a place to store the "permanent
      // error" that we should return for all subsequent attempts to decode).
      // But we likely want this anyway.
      //
      // Right now we do (1), thanks to the fact that we checkpoint *after* this
      // check.  (3) may be a better choice long term; unclear at the moment.
      return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
    }

    checkpoint(d);
  }
}

static void goto_endmsg(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  upb_value v;
  bool found = upb_inttable_lookup32(d->top->dispatch, DISPATCH_ENDMSG, &v);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(found, found);
  d->pc = d->top->base + upb_value_getuint64(v);
}

// Parses a tag and jumps to the corresponding bytecode instruction for this
// field.
//
// If the tag is unknown (or the wire type doesn't match), parses the field as
// unknown.  If the tag is a valid ENDGROUP tag, jumps to the bytecode
// instruction for the end of message.
static int32_t dispatch(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  upb_inttable *dispatch = d->top->dispatch;

  // Decode tag.
  uint32_t tag;
  CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &tag));
  uint8_t wire_type = tag & 0x7;
  uint32_t fieldnum = tag >> 3;

  // Lookup tag.  Because of packed/non-packed compatibility, we have to
  // check the wire type against two possibilities.
  upb_value val;
  if (fieldnum != DISPATCH_ENDMSG &&
      upb_inttable_lookup32(dispatch, fieldnum, &val)) {
    uint64_t v = upb_value_getuint64(val);
    if (wire_type == (v & 0xff)) {
      d->pc = d->top->base + (v >> 16);
      return DECODE_OK;
    } else if (wire_type == ((v >> 8) & 0xff)) {
      bool found =
          upb_inttable_lookup(dispatch, fieldnum + UPB_MAX_FIELDNUMBER, &val);
      UPB_ASSERT_VAR(found, found);
      d->pc = d->top->base + upb_value_getuint64(val);
      return DECODE_OK;
    }
  }

  // Unknown field or ENDGROUP.
  int32_t ret = upb_pbdecoder_skipunknown(d, fieldnum, wire_type);

  if (ret == DECODE_ENDGROUP) {
    goto_endmsg(d);
    return DECODE_OK;
  } else {
    d->pc = d->last - 1;  // Rewind to CHECKDELIM.
    return ret;
  }
}

// Callers know that the stack is more than one deep because the opcodes that
// call this only occur after PUSH operations.
upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer_frame(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  assert(d->top != d->stack);
  return d->top - 1;
}


/* The main decoding loop *****************************************************/

// The main decoder VM function.  Uses traditional bytecode dispatch loop with a
// switch() statement.
size_t upb_pbdecoder_decode(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                            size_t size, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  upb_pbdecoder *d = closure;
  const mgroup *group = hd;
  assert(buf);
  int32_t result = upb_pbdecoder_resume(d, NULL, buf, size, handle);
  if (result == DECODE_ENDGROUP) {
    goto_endmsg(d);
  }
  CHECK_RETURN(result);
  UPB_UNUSED(group);

#define VMCASE(op, code) \
  case op: { code; if (consumes_input(op)) checkpoint(d); break; }
#define PRIMITIVE_OP(type, wt, name, convfunc, ctype) \
  VMCASE(OP_PARSE_ ## type, { \
    ctype val; \
    CHECK_RETURN(decode_ ## wt(d, &val)); \
    upb_sink_put ## name(&d->top->sink, arg, (convfunc)(val)); \
  })

  while(1) {
    d->last = d->pc;
    int32_t instruction = *d->pc++;
    opcode op = getop(instruction);
    uint32_t arg = instruction >> 8;
    int32_t longofs = arg;
    assert(d->ptr != d->residual_end);
#ifdef UPB_DUMP_BYTECODE
    fprintf(stderr, "s_ofs=%d buf_ofs=%d data_rem=%d buf_rem=%d delim_rem=%d "
                    "%x %s (%d)\n",
            (int)offset(d),
            (int)(d->ptr - d->buf),
            (int)(d->data_end - d->ptr),
            (int)(d->end - d->ptr),
            (int)((d->top->end_ofs - d->bufstart_ofs) - (d->ptr - d->buf)),
            (int)(d->pc - 1 - group->bytecode),
            upb_pbdecoder_getopname(op),
            arg);
#endif
    switch (op) {
      // Technically, we are losing data if we see a 32-bit varint that is not
      // properly sign-extended.  We could detect this and error about the data
      // loss, but proto2 does not do this, so we pass.
      PRIMITIVE_OP(INT32,    varint,  int32,  int32_t,      uint64_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(INT64,    varint,  int64,  int64_t,      uint64_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(UINT32,   varint,  uint32, uint32_t,     uint64_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(UINT64,   varint,  uint64, uint64_t,     uint64_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(FIXED32,  fixed32, uint32, uint32_t,     uint32_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(FIXED64,  fixed64, uint64, uint64_t,     uint64_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(SFIXED32, fixed32, int32,  int32_t,      uint32_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(SFIXED64, fixed64, int64,  int64_t,      uint64_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(BOOL,     varint,  bool,   bool,         uint64_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(DOUBLE,   fixed64, double, as_double,    uint64_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(FLOAT,    fixed32, float,  as_float,     uint32_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(SINT32,   varint,  int32,  upb_zzdec_32, uint64_t)
      PRIMITIVE_OP(SINT64,   varint,  int64,  upb_zzdec_64, uint64_t)

      VMCASE(OP_SETDISPATCH,
        d->top->base = d->pc - 1;
        memcpy(&d->top->dispatch, d->pc, sizeof(void*));
        d->pc += sizeof(void*) / sizeof(uint32_t);
      )
      VMCASE(OP_STARTMSG,
        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startmsg(&d->top->sink));
      )
      VMCASE(OP_ENDMSG,
        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endmsg(&d->top->sink, d->status));
      )
      VMCASE(OP_STARTSEQ,
        upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer = outer_frame(d);
        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startseq(&outer->sink, arg, &d->top->sink));
      )
      VMCASE(OP_ENDSEQ,
        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endseq(&d->top->sink, arg));
      )
      VMCASE(OP_STARTSUBMSG,
        upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer = outer_frame(d);
        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startsubmsg(&outer->sink, arg, &d->top->sink));
      )
      VMCASE(OP_ENDSUBMSG,
        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endsubmsg(&d->top->sink, arg));
      )
      VMCASE(OP_STARTSTR,
        uint32_t len = d->top->end_ofs - offset(d);
        upb_pbdecoder_frame *outer = outer_frame(d);
        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_startstr(&outer->sink, arg, len, &d->top->sink));
        if (len == 0) {
          d->pc++;  // Skip OP_STRING.
        }
      )
      VMCASE(OP_STRING,
        uint32_t len = curbufleft(d);
        size_t n = upb_sink_putstring(&d->top->sink, arg, d->ptr, len, handle);
        if (n > len) {
          if (n > d->top->end_ofs - offset(d)) {
            seterr(d, "Tried to skip past end of string.");
            return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
          } else {
            int32_t ret = skip(d, n);
            // This shouldn't return DECODE_OK, because n > len.
            assert(ret >= 0);
            return ret;
          }
        }
        advance(d, n);
        if (n < len || d->delim_end == NULL) {
          // We aren't finished with this string yet.
          d->pc--;  // Repeat OP_STRING.
          if (n > 0) checkpoint(d);
          return upb_pbdecoder_suspend(d);
        }
      )
      VMCASE(OP_ENDSTR,
        CHECK_SUSPEND(upb_sink_endstr(&d->top->sink, arg));
      )
      VMCASE(OP_PUSHTAGDELIM,
        CHECK_SUSPEND(pushtagdelim(d, arg));
      )
      VMCASE(OP_SETBIGGROUPNUM,
        d->top->groupnum = *d->pc++;
      )
      VMCASE(OP_POP,
        assert(d->top > d->stack);
        decoder_pop(d);
      )
      VMCASE(OP_PUSHLENDELIM,
        uint32_t len;
        CHECK_RETURN(decode_v32(d, &len));
        CHECK_SUSPEND(decoder_push(d, offset(d) + len));
        set_delim_end(d);
      )
      VMCASE(OP_SETDELIM,
        set_delim_end(d);
      )
      VMCASE(OP_CHECKDELIM,
        // We are guaranteed of this assert because we never allow ourselves to
        // consume bytes beyond data_end, which covers delim_end when non-NULL.
        assert(!(d->delim_end && d->ptr > d->delim_end));
        if (d->ptr == d->delim_end)
          d->pc += longofs;
      )
      VMCASE(OP_CALL,
        d->callstack[d->call_len++] = d->pc;
        d->pc += longofs;
      )
      VMCASE(OP_RET,
        assert(d->call_len > 0);
        d->pc = d->callstack[--d->call_len];
      )
      VMCASE(OP_BRANCH,
        d->pc += longofs;
      )
      VMCASE(OP_TAG1,
        CHECK_SUSPEND(curbufleft(d) > 0);
        uint8_t expected = (arg >> 8) & 0xff;
        if (*d->ptr == expected) {
          advance(d, 1);
        } else {
          int8_t shortofs;
         badtag:
          shortofs = arg;
          if (shortofs == LABEL_DISPATCH) {
            CHECK_RETURN(dispatch(d));
          } else {
            d->pc += shortofs;
            break; // Avoid checkpoint().
          }
        }
      )
      VMCASE(OP_TAG2,
        CHECK_SUSPEND(curbufleft(d) > 0);
        uint16_t expected = (arg >> 8) & 0xffff;
        if (curbufleft(d) >= 2) {
          uint16_t actual;
          memcpy(&actual, d->ptr, 2);
          if (expected == actual) {
            advance(d, 2);
          } else {
            goto badtag;
          }
        } else {
          int32_t result = upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(d, expected);
          if (result == DECODE_MISMATCH) goto badtag;
          if (result >= 0) return result;
        }
      )
      VMCASE(OP_TAGN, {
        uint64_t expected;
        memcpy(&expected, d->pc, 8);
        d->pc += 2;
        int32_t result = upb_pbdecoder_checktag_slow(d, expected);
        if (result == DECODE_MISMATCH) goto badtag;
        if (result >= 0) return result;
      })
      VMCASE(OP_HALT, {
        return size;
      })
    }
  }
}

void *upb_pbdecoder_startbc(void *closure, const void *pc, size_t size_hint) {
  upb_pbdecoder *d = closure;
  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
  d->call_len = 1;
  d->pc = pc;
  return d;
}

void *upb_pbdecoder_startjit(void *closure, const void *hd, size_t size_hint) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
  upb_pbdecoder *d = closure;
  d->call_len = 0;
  return d;
}

bool upb_pbdecoder_end(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  upb_pbdecoder *d = closure;
  const upb_pbdecodermethod *method = handler_data;

  if (d->residual_end > d->residual) {
    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF");
    return false;
  }

  if (d->top->end_ofs != UINT64_MAX) {
    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF inside delimited string");
    return false;
  }

  // Message ends here.
  uint64_t end = offset(d);
  d->top->end_ofs = end;

  char dummy;
#ifdef UPB_USE_JIT_X64
  const mgroup *group = (const mgroup*)method->group;
  if (group->jit_code) {
    if (d->top != d->stack)
      d->stack->end_ofs = 0;
    group->jit_code(closure, method->code_base.ptr, &dummy, 0, NULL);
  } else {
#endif
    d->stack->end_ofs = end;
    const uint32_t *p = d->pc;
    // Check the previous bytecode, but guard against beginning.
    if (p != method->code_base.ptr) p--;
    if (getop(*p) == OP_CHECKDELIM) {
      // Rewind from OP_TAG* to OP_CHECKDELIM.
      assert(getop(*d->pc) == OP_TAG1 ||
             getop(*d->pc) == OP_TAG2 ||
             getop(*d->pc) == OP_TAGN);
      d->pc = p;
    }
    upb_pbdecoder_decode(closure, handler_data, &dummy, 0, NULL);
#ifdef UPB_USE_JIT_X64
  }
#endif

  if (d->call_len != 0) {
    seterr(d, "Unexpected EOF");
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

void upb_pbdecoder_init(upb_pbdecoder *d, const upb_pbdecodermethod *m,
                        upb_status *s) {
  d->limit = &d->stack[UPB_DECODER_MAX_NESTING];
  upb_bytessink_reset(&d->input_, &m->input_handler_, d);
  d->method_ = m;
  d->callstack[0] = &halt;
  d->status = s;
  upb_pbdecoder_reset(d);
}

void upb_pbdecoder_reset(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  d->top = d->stack;
  d->top->end_ofs = UINT64_MAX;
  d->top->groupnum = 0;
  d->bufstart_ofs = 0;
  d->ptr = d->residual;
  d->buf = d->residual;
  d->end = d->residual;
  d->residual_end = d->residual;
  d->call_len = 1;
}

uint64_t upb_pbdecoder_bytesparsed(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  return offset(d);
}

// Not currently required, but to support outgrowing the static stack we need
// this.
void upb_pbdecoder_uninit(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  UPB_UNUSED(d);
}

const upb_pbdecodermethod *upb_pbdecoder_method(const upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  return d->method_;
}

bool upb_pbdecoder_resetoutput(upb_pbdecoder *d, upb_sink* sink) {
  // TODO(haberman): do we need to test whether the decoder is already on the
  // stack (like calling this from within a callback)?  Should we support
  // rebinding the output at all?
  assert(sink);
  if (d->method_->dest_handlers_) {
    if (sink->handlers != d->method_->dest_handlers_)
      return false;
  }
  upb_sink_reset(&d->top->sink, sink->handlers, sink->closure);
  return true;
}

upb_bytessink *upb_pbdecoder_input(upb_pbdecoder *d) {
  return &d->input_;
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 *
 * Since we are implementing pure handlers (ie. without any out-of-band access
 * to pre-computed lengths), we have to buffer all submessages before we can
 * emit even their first byte.
 *
 * Not knowing the size of submessages also means we can't write a perfect
 * zero-copy implementation, even with buffering.  Lengths are stored as
 * varints, which means that we don't know how many bytes to reserve for the
 * length until we know what the length is.
 *
 * This leaves us with three main choices:
 *
 * 1. buffer all submessage data in a temporary buffer, then copy it exactly
 *    once into the output buffer.
 *
 * 2. attempt to buffer data directly into the output buffer, estimating how
 *    many bytes each length will take.  When our guesses are wrong, use
 *    memmove() to grow or shrink the allotted space.
 *
 * 3. buffer directly into the output buffer, allocating a max length
 *    ahead-of-time for each submessage length.  If we overallocated, we waste
 *    space, but no memcpy() or memmove() is required.  This approach requires
 *    defining a maximum size for submessages and rejecting submessages that
 *    exceed that size.
 *
 * (2) and (3) have the potential to have better performance, but they are more
 * complicated and subtle to implement:
 *
 *   (3) requires making an arbitrary choice of the maximum message size; it
 *       wastes space when submessages are shorter than this and fails
 *       completely when they are longer.  This makes it more finicky and
 *       requires configuration based on the input.  It also makes it impossible
 *       to perfectly match the output of reference encoders that always use the
 *       optimal amount of space for each length.
 *
 *   (2) requires guessing the the size upfront, and if multiple lengths are
 *       guessed wrong the minimum required number of memmove() operations may
 *       be complicated to compute correctly.  Implemented properly, it may have
 *       a useful amortized or average cost, but more investigation is required
 *       to determine this and what the optimal algorithm is to achieve it.
 *
 *   (1) makes you always pay for exactly one copy, but its implementation is
 *       the simplest and its performance is predictable.
 *
 * So for now, we implement (1) only.  If we wish to optimize later, we should
 * be able to do it without affecting users.
 *
 * The strategy is to buffer the segments of data that do *not* depend on
 * unknown lengths in one buffer, and keep a separate buffer of segment pointers
 * and lengths.  When the top-level submessage ends, we can go beginning to end,
 * alternating the writing of lengths with memcpy() of the rest of the data.
 * At the top level though, no buffering is required.
 */


#include <stdlib.h>

/* low-level buffering ********************************************************/

// Low-level functions for interacting with the output buffer.

// TODO(haberman): handle pushback
static void putbuf(upb_pb_encoder *e, const char *buf, size_t len) {
  size_t n = upb_bytessink_putbuf(e->output_, e->subc, buf, len, NULL);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(n, n == len);
}

static upb_pb_encoder_segment *top(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
  return &e->segbuf[*e->top];
}

// Call to ensure that at least "bytes" bytes are available for writing at
// e->ptr.  Returns false if the bytes could not be allocated.
static bool reserve(upb_pb_encoder *e, size_t bytes) {
  if ((e->limit - e->ptr) < bytes) {
    size_t needed = bytes + (e->ptr - e->buf);
    size_t old_size = e->limit - e->buf;
    size_t new_size = old_size;
    while (new_size < needed) {
      new_size *= 2;
    }

    char *realloc_from = (e->buf == e->initbuf) ? NULL : e->buf;
    char *new_buf = realloc(realloc_from, new_size);

    if (new_buf == NULL) {
      return false;
    }

    if (realloc_from == NULL) {
      memcpy(new_buf, e->initbuf, old_size);
    }

    e->ptr = new_buf + (e->ptr - e->buf);
    e->runbegin = new_buf + (e->runbegin - e->buf);
    e->limit = new_buf + new_size;
    e->buf = new_buf;
  }

  return true;
}

// Call when "bytes" bytes have been writte at e->ptr.  The caller *must* have
// previously called reserve() with at least this many bytes.
static void encoder_advance(upb_pb_encoder *e, size_t bytes) {
  assert((e->limit - e->ptr) >= bytes);
  e->ptr += bytes;
}

// Call when all of the bytes for a handler have been written.  Flushes the
// bytes if possible and necessary, returning false if this failed.
static bool commit(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
  if (!e->top) {
    // We aren't inside a delimited region.  Flush our accumulated bytes to
    // the output.
    //
    // TODO(haberman): in the future we may want to delay flushing for
    // efficiency reasons.
    putbuf(e, e->buf, e->ptr - e->buf);
    e->ptr = e->buf;
  }

  return true;
}

// Writes the given bytes to the buffer, handling reserve/advance.
static bool encode_bytes(upb_pb_encoder *e, const void *data, size_t len) {
  if (!reserve(e, len)) {
    return false;
  }

  memcpy(e->ptr, data, len);
  encoder_advance(e, len);
  return true;
}

// Finish the current run by adding the run totals to the segment and message
// length.
static void accumulate(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
  assert(e->ptr >= e->runbegin);
  size_t run_len = e->ptr - e->runbegin;
  e->segptr->seglen += run_len;
  top(e)->msglen += run_len;
  e->runbegin = e->ptr;
}

// Call to indicate the start of delimited region for which the full length is
// not yet known.  All data will be buffered until the length is known.
// Delimited regions may be nested; their lengths will all be tracked properly.
static bool start_delim(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
  if (e->top) {
    // We are already buffering, advance to the next segment and push it on the
    // stack.
    accumulate(e);

    if (++e->top == e->stacklimit) {
      // TODO(haberman): grow stack?
      return false;
    }

    if (++e->segptr == e->seglimit) {
      upb_pb_encoder_segment *realloc_from =
          (e->segbuf == e->seginitbuf) ? NULL : e->segbuf;
      size_t old_size =
          (e->seglimit - e->segbuf) * sizeof(upb_pb_encoder_segment);
      size_t new_size = old_size * 2;
      upb_pb_encoder_segment *new_buf = realloc(realloc_from, new_size);

      if (new_buf == NULL) {
        return false;
      }

      if (realloc_from == NULL) {
        memcpy(new_buf, e->seginitbuf, old_size);
      }

      e->segptr = new_buf + (e->segptr - e->segbuf);
      e->seglimit = new_buf + (new_size / sizeof(upb_pb_encoder_segment));
      e->segbuf = new_buf;
    }
  } else {
    // We were previously at the top level, start buffering.
    e->segptr = e->segbuf;
    e->top = e->stack;
    e->runbegin = e->ptr;
  }

  *e->top = e->segptr - e->segbuf;
  e->segptr->seglen = 0;
  e->segptr->msglen = 0;

  return true;
}

// Call to indicate the end of a delimited region.  We now know the length of
// the delimited region.  If we are not nested inside any other delimited
// regions, we can now emit all of the buffered data we accumulated.
static bool end_delim(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
  accumulate(e);
  size_t msglen = top(e)->msglen;

  if (e->top == e->stack) {
    // All lengths are now available, emit all buffered data.
    char buf[UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN];
    upb_pb_encoder_segment *s;
    const char *ptr = e->buf;
    for (s = e->segbuf; s <= e->segptr; s++) {
      size_t lenbytes = upb_vencode64(s->msglen, buf);
      putbuf(e, buf, lenbytes);
      putbuf(e, ptr, s->seglen);
      ptr += s->seglen;
    }

    e->ptr = e->buf;
    e->top = NULL;
  } else {
    // Need to keep buffering; propagate length info into enclosing submessages.
    --e->top;
    top(e)->msglen += msglen + upb_varint_size(msglen);
  }

  return true;
}


/* tag_t **********************************************************************/

// A precomputed (pre-encoded) tag and length.

typedef struct {
  uint8_t bytes;
  char tag[7];
} tag_t;

// Allocates a new tag for this field, and sets it in these handlerattr.
static void new_tag(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f, upb_wiretype_t wt,
                    upb_handlerattr *attr) {
  uint32_t n = upb_fielddef_number(f);

  tag_t *tag = malloc(sizeof(tag_t));
  tag->bytes = upb_vencode64((n << 3) | wt, tag->tag);

  upb_handlerattr_init(attr);
  upb_handlerattr_sethandlerdata(attr, tag);
  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, tag, free);
}

static bool encode_tag(upb_pb_encoder *e, const tag_t *tag) {
  return encode_bytes(e, tag->tag, tag->bytes);
}


/* encoding of wire types *****************************************************/

static bool encode_fixed64(upb_pb_encoder *e, uint64_t val) {
  // TODO(haberman): byte-swap for big endian.
  return encode_bytes(e, &val, sizeof(uint64_t));
}

static bool encode_fixed32(upb_pb_encoder *e, uint32_t val) {
  // TODO(haberman): byte-swap for big endian.
  return encode_bytes(e, &val, sizeof(uint32_t));
}

static bool encode_varint(upb_pb_encoder *e, uint64_t val) {
  if (!reserve(e, UPB_PB_VARINT_MAX_LEN)) {
    return false;
  }

  encoder_advance(e, upb_vencode64(val, e->ptr));
  return true;
}

static uint64_t dbl2uint64(double d) {
  uint64_t ret;
  memcpy(&ret, &d, sizeof(uint64_t));
  return ret;
}

static uint32_t flt2uint32(float d) {
  uint32_t ret;
  memcpy(&ret, &d, sizeof(uint32_t));
  return ret;
}


/* encoding of proto types ****************************************************/

static bool startmsg(void *c, const void *hd) {
  upb_pb_encoder *e = c;
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  if (e->depth++ == 0) {
    upb_bytessink_start(e->output_, 0, &e->subc);
  }
  return true;
}

static bool endmsg(void *c, const void *hd, upb_status *status) {
  upb_pb_encoder *e = c;
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(status);
  if (--e->depth == 0) {
    upb_bytessink_end(e->output_);
  }
  return true;
}

static void *encode_startdelimfield(void *c, const void *hd) {
  bool ok = encode_tag(c, hd) && commit(c) && start_delim(c);
  return ok ? c : UPB_BREAK;
}

static bool encode_enddelimfield(void *c, const void *hd) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  return end_delim(c);
}

static void *encode_startgroup(void *c, const void *hd) {
  return (encode_tag(c, hd) && commit(c)) ? c : UPB_BREAK;
}

static bool encode_endgroup(void *c, const void *hd) {
  return encode_tag(c, hd) && commit(c);
}

static void *encode_startstr(void *c, const void *hd, size_t size_hint) {
  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
  return encode_startdelimfield(c, hd);
}

static size_t encode_strbuf(void *c, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                            size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *h) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(h);
  return encode_bytes(c, buf, len) ? len : 0;
}

#define T(type, ctype, convert, encode)                                  \
  static bool encode_scalar_##type(void *e, const void *hd, ctype val) { \
    return encode_tag(e, hd) && encode(e, (convert)(val)) && commit(e);  \
  }                                                                      \
  static bool encode_packed_##type(void *e, const void *hd, ctype val) { \
    UPB_UNUSED(hd);                                                      \
    return encode(e, (convert)(val));                                    \
  }

T(double,   double,   dbl2uint64,   encode_fixed64)
T(float,    float,    flt2uint32,   encode_fixed32);
T(int64,    int64_t,  uint64_t,     encode_varint);
T(int32,    int32_t,  uint32_t,     encode_varint);
T(fixed64,  uint64_t, uint64_t,     encode_fixed64);
T(fixed32,  uint32_t, uint32_t,     encode_fixed32);
T(bool,     bool,     bool,         encode_varint);
T(uint32,   uint32_t, uint32_t,     encode_varint);
T(uint64,   uint64_t, uint64_t,     encode_varint);
T(enum,     int32_t,  uint32_t,     encode_varint);
T(sfixed32, int32_t,  uint32_t,     encode_fixed32);
T(sfixed64, int64_t,  uint64_t,     encode_fixed64);
T(sint32,   int32_t,  upb_zzenc_32, encode_varint);
T(sint64,   int64_t,  upb_zzenc_64, encode_varint);

#undef T


/* code to build the handlers *************************************************/

static void newhandlers_callback(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
  UPB_UNUSED(closure);

  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, startmsg, NULL);
  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, endmsg, NULL);

  const upb_msgdef *m = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);
  upb_msg_iter i;
  for(upb_msg_begin(&i, m); !upb_msg_done(&i); upb_msg_next(&i)) {
    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
    bool packed = upb_fielddef_isseq(f) && upb_fielddef_isprimitive(f) &&
                  upb_fielddef_packed(f);
    upb_handlerattr attr;
    upb_wiretype_t wt =
        packed ? UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED
               : upb_pb_native_wire_types[upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f)];

    // Pre-encode the tag for this field.
    new_tag(h, f, wt, &attr);

    if (packed) {
      upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, encode_startdelimfield, &attr);
      upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, encode_enddelimfield, &attr);
    }

#define T(upper, lower, upbtype)                                     \
  case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_##upper:                                  \
    if (packed) {                                                    \
      upb_handlers_set##upbtype(h, f, encode_packed_##lower, &attr); \
    } else {                                                         \
      upb_handlers_set##upbtype(h, f, encode_scalar_##lower, &attr); \
    }                                                                \
    break;

    switch (upb_fielddef_descriptortype(f)) {
      T(DOUBLE,   double,   double);
      T(FLOAT,    float,    float);
      T(INT64,    int64,    int64);
      T(INT32,    int32,    int32);
      T(FIXED64,  fixed64,  uint64);
      T(FIXED32,  fixed32,  uint32);
      T(BOOL,     bool,     bool);
      T(UINT32,   uint32,   uint32);
      T(UINT64,   uint64,   uint64);
      T(ENUM,     enum,     int32);
      T(SFIXED32, sfixed32, int32);
      T(SFIXED64, sfixed64, int64);
      T(SINT32,   sint32,   int32);
      T(SINT64,   sint64,   int64);
      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STRING:
      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BYTES:
        upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, encode_startstr, &attr);
        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, encode_enddelimfield, &attr);
        upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, encode_strbuf, &attr);
        break;
      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MESSAGE:
        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, encode_startdelimfield, &attr);
        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, encode_enddelimfield, &attr);
        break;
      case UPB_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_GROUP: {
        // Endgroup takes a different tag (wire_type = END_GROUP).
        upb_handlerattr attr2;
        new_tag(h, f, UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP, &attr2);

        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, encode_startgroup, &attr);
        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, encode_endgroup, &attr2);

        upb_handlerattr_uninit(&attr2);
        break;
      }
    }

#undef T

    upb_handlerattr_uninit(&attr);
  }
}


/* public API *****************************************************************/

const upb_handlers *upb_pb_encoder_newhandlers(const upb_msgdef *m,
                                               const void *owner) {
  return upb_handlers_newfrozen(m, owner, newhandlers_callback, NULL);
}

#define ARRAYSIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))

void upb_pb_encoder_init(upb_pb_encoder *e, const upb_handlers *h) {
  e->output_ = NULL;
  e->subc = NULL;
  e->buf = e->initbuf;
  e->ptr = e->buf;
  e->limit = e->buf + ARRAYSIZE(e->initbuf);
  e->segbuf = e->seginitbuf;
  e->seglimit = e->segbuf + ARRAYSIZE(e->seginitbuf);
  e->stacklimit = e->stack + ARRAYSIZE(e->stack);
  upb_sink_reset(&e->input_, h, e);
}

void upb_pb_encoder_uninit(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
  if (e->buf != e->initbuf) {
    free(e->buf);
  }

  if (e->segbuf != e->seginitbuf) {
    free(e->segbuf);
  }
}

void upb_pb_encoder_resetoutput(upb_pb_encoder *e, upb_bytessink *output) {
  upb_pb_encoder_reset(e);
  e->output_ = output;
  e->subc = output->closure;
}

void upb_pb_encoder_reset(upb_pb_encoder *e) {
  e->segptr = NULL;
  e->top = NULL;
  e->depth = 0;
}

upb_sink *upb_pb_encoder_input(upb_pb_encoder *e) { return &e->input_; }
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2010-2012 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 */


#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

upb_def **upb_load_defs_from_descriptor(const char *str, size_t len, int *n,
                                        void *owner, upb_status *status) {
  // Create handlers.
  const upb_handlers *reader_h = upb_descreader_newhandlers(&reader_h);
  upb_pbdecodermethodopts opts;
  upb_pbdecodermethodopts_init(&opts, reader_h);
  const upb_pbdecodermethod *decoder_m =
      upb_pbdecodermethod_new(&opts, &decoder_m);

  upb_pbdecoder decoder;
  upb_descreader reader;

  upb_pbdecoder_init(&decoder, decoder_m, status);
  upb_descreader_init(&reader, reader_h, status);
  upb_pbdecoder_resetoutput(&decoder, upb_descreader_input(&reader));

  // Push input data.
  bool ok = upb_bufsrc_putbuf(str, len, upb_pbdecoder_input(&decoder));

  upb_def **ret = NULL;

  if (!ok) goto cleanup;
  upb_def **defs = upb_descreader_getdefs(&reader, owner, n);
  ret = malloc(sizeof(upb_def*) * (*n));
  memcpy(ret, defs, sizeof(upb_def*) * (*n));

cleanup:
  upb_pbdecoder_uninit(&decoder);
  upb_descreader_uninit(&reader);
  upb_handlers_unref(reader_h, &reader_h);
  upb_pbdecodermethod_unref(decoder_m, &decoder_m);
  return ret;
}

bool upb_load_descriptor_into_symtab(upb_symtab *s, const char *str, size_t len,
                                     upb_status *status) {
  int n;
  upb_def **defs = upb_load_defs_from_descriptor(str, len, &n, &defs, status);
  if (!defs) return false;
  bool success = upb_symtab_add(s, defs, n, &defs, status);
  free(defs);
  return success;
}

char *upb_readfile(const char *filename, size_t *len) {
  FILE *f = fopen(filename, "rb");
  if(!f) return NULL;
  if(fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) goto error;
  long size = ftell(f);
  if(size < 0) goto error;
  if(fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) goto error;
  char *buf = malloc(size + 1);
  if(size && fread(buf, size, 1, f) != 1) goto error;
  fclose(f);
  if (len) *len = size;
  return buf;

error:
  fclose(f);
  return NULL;
}

bool upb_load_descriptor_file_into_symtab(upb_symtab *symtab, const char *fname,
                                          upb_status *status) {
  size_t len;
  char *data = upb_readfile(fname, &len);
  if (!data) {
    if (status) upb_status_seterrf(status, "Couldn't read file: %s", fname);
    return false;
  }
  bool success = upb_load_descriptor_into_symtab(symtab, data, len, status);
  free(data);
  return success;
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 *
 * OPT: This is not optimized at all.  It uses printf() which parses the format
 * string every time, and it allocates memory for every put.
 */


#include <ctype.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>


#define CHECK(x) if ((x) < 0) goto err;

static const char *shortname(const char *longname) {
  const char *last = strrchr(longname, '.');
  return last ? last + 1 : longname;
}

static int indent(upb_textprinter *p) {
  int i;
  if (!p->single_line_)
    for (i = 0; i < p->indent_depth_; i++)
      upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, "  ", 2, NULL);
  return 0;
}

static int endfield(upb_textprinter *p) {
  const char ch = (p->single_line_ ? ' ' : '\n');
  upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, &ch, 1, NULL);
  return 0;
}

static int putescaped(upb_textprinter *p, const char *buf, size_t len,
                      bool preserve_utf8) {
  // Based on CEscapeInternal() from Google's protobuf release.
  char dstbuf[4096], *dst = dstbuf, *dstend = dstbuf + sizeof(dstbuf);
  const char *end = buf + len;

  // I think hex is prettier and more useful, but proto2 uses octal; should
  // investigate whether it can parse hex also.
  const bool use_hex = false;
  bool last_hex_escape = false; // true if last output char was \xNN

  for (; buf < end; buf++) {
    if (dstend - dst < 4) {
      upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, dstbuf, dst - dstbuf, NULL);
      dst = dstbuf;
    }

    bool is_hex_escape = false;
    switch (*buf) {
      case '\n': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = 'n';  break;
      case '\r': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = 'r';  break;
      case '\t': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = 't';  break;
      case '\"': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = '\"'; break;
      case '\'': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = '\''; break;
      case '\\': *(dst++) = '\\'; *(dst++) = '\\'; break;
      default:
        // Note that if we emit \xNN and the buf character after that is a hex
        // digit then that digit must be escaped too to prevent it being
        // interpreted as part of the character code by C.
        if ((!preserve_utf8 || (uint8_t)*buf < 0x80) &&
            (!isprint(*buf) || (last_hex_escape && isxdigit(*buf)))) {
          sprintf(dst, (use_hex ? "\\x%02x" : "\\%03o"), (uint8_t)*buf);
          is_hex_escape = use_hex;
          dst += 4;
        } else {
          *(dst++) = *buf; break;
        }
    }
    last_hex_escape = is_hex_escape;
  }
  // Flush remaining data.
  upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, dstbuf, dst - dstbuf, NULL);
  return 0;
}

bool putf(upb_textprinter *p, const char *fmt, ...) {
  va_list args;
  va_start(args, fmt);

  // Run once to get the length of the string.
  va_list args_copy;
  va_copy(args_copy, args);
  int len = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, args_copy);
  va_end(args_copy);

  // + 1 for NULL terminator (vsnprintf() requires it even if we don't).
  char *str = malloc(len + 1);
  if (!str) return false;
  int written = vsnprintf(str, len + 1, fmt, args);
  va_end(args);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(written, written == len);

  bool ok = upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, str, len, NULL);
  free(str);
  return ok;
}


/* handlers *******************************************************************/

static bool textprinter_startmsg(void *c, const void *hd) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  upb_textprinter *p = c;
  if (p->indent_depth_ == 0) {
    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc);
  }
  return true;
}

static bool textprinter_endmsg(void *c, const void *hd, upb_status *s) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(s);
  upb_textprinter *p = c;
  if (p->indent_depth_ == 0) {
    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
  }
  return true;
}

#define TYPE(name, ctype, fmt) \
  static bool textprinter_put ## name(void *closure, const void *handler_data, \
                                      ctype val) {                             \
    upb_textprinter *p = closure;                                              \
    const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;                                      \
    CHECK(indent(p));                                                          \
    putf(p, "%s: " fmt, upb_fielddef_name(f), val);                            \
    CHECK(endfield(p));                                                        \
    return true;                                                               \
  err:                                                                         \
    return false;                                                              \
}

static bool textprinter_putbool(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                                bool val) {
  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
  const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;
  CHECK(indent(p));
  putf(p, "%s: %s", upb_fielddef_name(f), val ? "true" : "false");
  CHECK(endfield(p));
  return true;
err:
  return false;
}

#define STRINGIFY_HELPER(x) #x
#define STRINGIFY_MACROVAL(x) STRINGIFY_HELPER(x)

TYPE(int32,  int32_t,  "%" PRId32)
TYPE(int64,  int64_t,  "%" PRId64)
TYPE(uint32, uint32_t, "%" PRIu32);
TYPE(uint64, uint64_t, "%" PRIu64)
TYPE(float,  float,    "%." STRINGIFY_MACROVAL(FLT_DIG) "g")
TYPE(double, double,   "%." STRINGIFY_MACROVAL(DBL_DIG) "g")

#undef TYPE

// Output a symbolic value from the enum if found, else just print as int32.
static bool textprinter_putenum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                                int32_t val) {
  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
  const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;
  const upb_enumdef *enum_def = upb_downcast_enumdef(upb_fielddef_subdef(f));
  const char *label = upb_enumdef_iton(enum_def, val);
  if (label) {
    indent(p);
    putf(p, "%s: %s", upb_fielddef_name(f), label);
    endfield(p);
  } else {
    if (!textprinter_putint32(closure, handler_data, val))
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

static void *textprinter_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                      size_t size_hint) {
  const upb_fielddef *f = handler_data;
  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
  indent(p);
  putf(p, "%s: \"", upb_fielddef_name(f));
  return p;
}

static bool textprinter_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
  putf(p, "\"");
  endfield(p);
  return true;
}

static size_t textprinter_putstr(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf,
                                 size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
  const upb_fielddef *f = hd;
  CHECK(putescaped(p, buf, len, upb_fielddef_type(f) == UPB_TYPE_STRING));
  return len;
err:
  return 0;
}

static void *textprinter_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
  const char *name = handler_data;
  CHECK(indent(p));
  putf(p, "%s {%c", name, p->single_line_ ? ' ' : '\n');
  p->indent_depth_++;
  return p;
err:
  return UPB_BREAK;
}

static bool textprinter_endsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  upb_textprinter *p = closure;
  p->indent_depth_--;
  CHECK(indent(p));
  upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc, "}", 1, NULL);
  CHECK(endfield(p));
  return true;
err:
  return false;
}


/* Public API *****************************************************************/

void upb_textprinter_init(upb_textprinter *p, const upb_handlers *h) {
  p->single_line_ = false;
  p->indent_depth_ = 0;
  upb_sink_reset(&p->input_, h, p);
}

void upb_textprinter_uninit(upb_textprinter *p) {
  UPB_UNUSED(p);
}

void upb_textprinter_reset(upb_textprinter *p, bool single_line) {
  p->single_line_ = single_line;
  p->indent_depth_ = 0;
}

static void onmreg(const void *c, upb_handlers *h) {
  UPB_UNUSED(c);
  const upb_msgdef *m = upb_handlers_msgdef(h);

  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, textprinter_startmsg, NULL);
  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, textprinter_endmsg, NULL);

  upb_msg_iter i;
  for(upb_msg_begin(&i, m); !upb_msg_done(&i); upb_msg_next(&i)) {
    upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);
    upb_handlerattr attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INITIALIZER;
    upb_handlerattr_sethandlerdata(&attr, f);
    switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
      case UPB_TYPE_INT32:
        upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, textprinter_putint32, &attr);
        break;
      case UPB_TYPE_INT64:
        upb_handlers_setint64(h, f, textprinter_putint64, &attr);
        break;
      case UPB_TYPE_UINT32:
        upb_handlers_setuint32(h, f, textprinter_putuint32, &attr);
        break;
      case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:
        upb_handlers_setuint64(h, f, textprinter_putuint64, &attr);
        break;
      case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT:
        upb_handlers_setfloat(h, f, textprinter_putfloat, &attr);
        break;
      case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
        upb_handlers_setdouble(h, f, textprinter_putdouble, &attr);
        break;
      case UPB_TYPE_BOOL:
        upb_handlers_setbool(h, f, textprinter_putbool, &attr);
        break;
      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
        upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, textprinter_startstr, &attr);
        upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, textprinter_putstr, &attr);
        upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, textprinter_endstr, &attr);
        break;
      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
        const char *name =
            upb_fielddef_istagdelim(f)
                ? shortname(upb_msgdef_fullname(upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(f)))
                : upb_fielddef_name(f);
        upb_handlerattr_sethandlerdata(&attr, name);
        upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, textprinter_startsubmsg, &attr);
        upb_handlers_setendsubmsg(h, f, textprinter_endsubmsg, &attr);
        break;
      }
      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
        upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, textprinter_putenum, &attr);
        break;
    }
  }
}

const upb_handlers *upb_textprinter_newhandlers(const upb_msgdef *m,
                                                const void *owner) {
  return upb_handlers_newfrozen(m, owner, &onmreg, NULL);
}

upb_sink *upb_textprinter_input(upb_textprinter *p) { return &p->input_; }

bool upb_textprinter_resetoutput(upb_textprinter *p, upb_bytessink *output) {
  p->output_ = output;
  return true;
}

void upb_textprinter_setsingleline(upb_textprinter *p, bool single_line) {
  p->single_line_ = single_line;
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2011 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 */


// Index is descriptor type.
const uint8_t upb_pb_native_wire_types[] = {
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_END_GROUP,     // ENDGROUP
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT,         // DOUBLE
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT,         // FLOAT
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        // INT64
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        // UINT64
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        // INT32
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT,         // FIXED64
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT,         // FIXED32
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        // BOOL
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED,     // STRING
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_START_GROUP,   // GROUP
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED,     // MESSAGE
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_DELIMITED,     // BYTES
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        // UINT32
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        // ENUM
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_32BIT,         // SFIXED32
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_64BIT,         // SFIXED64
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        // SINT32
  UPB_WIRE_TYPE_VARINT,        // SINT64
};

// A basic branch-based decoder, uses 32-bit values to get good performance
// on 32-bit architectures (but performs well on 64-bits also).
// This scheme comes from the original Google Protobuf implementation (proto2).
upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_branch32(upb_decoderet r) {
  upb_decoderet err = {NULL, 0};
  const char *p = r.p;
  uint32_t low = (uint32_t)r.val;
  uint32_t high = 0;
  uint32_t b;
  b = *(p++); low  |= (b & 0x7fU) << 14; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); low  |= (b & 0x7fU) << 21; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); low  |= (b & 0x7fU) << 28;
              high  = (b & 0x7fU) >>  4; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) <<  3; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 10; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 17; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 24; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); high |= (b & 0x7fU) << 31; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  return err;

done:
  r.val = ((uint64_t)high << 32) | low;
  r.p = p;
  return r;
}

// Like the previous, but uses 64-bit values.
upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_branch64(upb_decoderet r) {
  const char *p = r.p;
  uint64_t val = r.val;
  uint64_t b;
  upb_decoderet err = {NULL, 0};
  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 14; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 21; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 28; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 35; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 42; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 49; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 56; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  b = *(p++); val |= (b & 0x7fU) << 63; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
  return err;

done:
  r.val = val;
  r.p = p;
  return r;
}

// Given an encoded varint v, returns an integer with a single bit set that
// indicates the end of the varint.  Subtracting one from this value will
// yield a mask that leaves only bits that are part of the varint.  Returns
// 0 if the varint is unterminated.
static uint64_t upb_get_vstopbit(uint64_t v) {
  uint64_t cbits = v | 0x7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7fULL;
  return ~cbits & (cbits+1);
}

// A branchless decoder.  Credit to Pascal Massimino for the bit-twiddling.
upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_massimino(upb_decoderet r) {
  uint64_t b;
  memcpy(&b, r.p, sizeof(b));
  uint64_t stop_bit = upb_get_vstopbit(b);
  b =  (b & 0x7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7fULL) & (stop_bit - 1);
  b +=       b & 0x007f007f007f007fULL;
  b +=  3 * (b & 0x0000ffff0000ffffULL);
  b += 15 * (b & 0x00000000ffffffffULL);
  if (stop_bit == 0) {
    // Error: unterminated varint.
    upb_decoderet err_r = {(void*)0, 0};
    return err_r;
  }
  upb_decoderet my_r = {r.p + ((__builtin_ctzll(stop_bit) + 1) / 8),
                        r.val | (b << 7)};
  return my_r;
}

// A branchless decoder.  Credit to Daniel Wright for the bit-twiddling.
upb_decoderet upb_vdecode_max8_wright(upb_decoderet r) {
  uint64_t b;
  memcpy(&b, r.p, sizeof(b));
  uint64_t stop_bit = upb_get_vstopbit(b);
  b &= (stop_bit - 1);
  b = ((b & 0x7f007f007f007f00ULL) >> 1) | (b & 0x007f007f007f007fULL);
  b = ((b & 0xffff0000ffff0000ULL) >> 2) | (b & 0x0000ffff0000ffffULL);
  b = ((b & 0xffffffff00000000ULL) >> 4) | (b & 0x00000000ffffffffULL);
  if (stop_bit == 0) {
    // Error: unterminated varint.
    upb_decoderet err_r = {(void*)0, 0};
    return err_r;
  }
  upb_decoderet my_r = {r.p + ((__builtin_ctzll(stop_bit) + 1) / 8),
                        r.val | (b << 14)};
  return my_r;
}

#line 1 "upb/json/parser.rl"
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 *
 * A parser that uses the Ragel State Machine Compiler to generate
 * the finite automata.
 *
 * Ragel only natively handles regular languages, but we can manually
 * program it a bit to handle context-free languages like JSON, by using
 * the "fcall" and "fret" constructs.
 *
 * This parser can handle the basics, but needs several things to be fleshed
 * out:
 *
 * - handling of unicode escape sequences (including high surrogate pairs).
 * - properly check and report errors for unknown fields, stack overflow,
 *   improper array nesting (or lack of nesting).
 * - handling of base64 sequences with padding characters.
 * - handling of push-back (non-success returns from sink functions).
 * - handling of keys/escape-sequences/etc that span input buffers.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>


#define PARSER_CHECK_RETURN(x) if (!(x)) return false

static upb_selector_t getsel_for_handlertype(upb_json_parser *p,
                                             upb_handlertype_t type) {
  upb_selector_t sel;
  bool ok = upb_handlers_getselector(p->top->f, type, &sel);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
  return sel;
}

static upb_selector_t parser_getsel(upb_json_parser *p) {
  return getsel_for_handlertype(
      p, upb_handlers_getprimitivehandlertype(p->top->f));
}

static void start_member(upb_json_parser *p) {
  assert(!p->top->f);
  assert(!p->accumulated);
  p->accumulated_len = 0;
}

static bool end_member(upb_json_parser *p) {
  // TODO(haberman): support keys that span buffers or have escape sequences.
  assert(!p->top->f);
  assert(p->accumulated);
  const upb_fielddef *f =
      upb_msgdef_ntof(p->top->m, p->accumulated, p->accumulated_len);

  if (!f) {
    // TODO(haberman): Ignore unknown fields if requested/configured to do so.
    upb_status_seterrf(p->status, "No such field: %.*s\n",
                       (int)p->accumulated_len, p->accumulated);
    return false;
  }

  p->top->f = f;
  p->accumulated = NULL;

  return true;
}

static void start_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
  upb_sink_startmsg(&p->top->sink);
}

static void end_object(upb_json_parser *p) {
  upb_status status;
  upb_sink_endmsg(&p->top->sink, &status);
}

static bool check_stack(upb_json_parser *p) {
  if ((p->top + 1) == p->limit) {
    upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Nesting too deep");
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

static bool start_subobject(upb_json_parser *p) {
  assert(p->top->f);

  if (!upb_fielddef_issubmsg(p->top->f)) {
    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
                       "Object specified for non-message/group field: %s",
                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
    return false;
  }

  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;

  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner = p->top + 1;

  upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSUBMSG);
  upb_sink_startsubmsg(&p->top->sink, sel, &inner->sink);
  inner->m = upb_fielddef_msgsubdef(p->top->f);
  inner->f = NULL;
  p->top = inner;

  return true;
}

static void end_subobject(upb_json_parser *p) {
  p->top--;
  upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSUBMSG);
  upb_sink_endsubmsg(&p->top->sink, sel);
}

static bool start_array(upb_json_parser *p) {
  assert(p->top->f);

  if (!upb_fielddef_isseq(p->top->f)) {
    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
                       "Array specified for non-repeated field: %s",
                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
    return false;
  }

  if (!check_stack(p)) return false;

  upb_jsonparser_frame *inner = p->top + 1;
  upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSEQ);
  upb_sink_startseq(&p->top->sink, sel, &inner->sink);
  inner->m = p->top->m;
  inner->f = p->top->f;
  p->top = inner;

  return true;
}

static void end_array(upb_json_parser *p) {
  assert(p->top > p->stack);

  p->top--;
  upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSEQ);
  upb_sink_endseq(&p->top->sink, sel);
}

static void clear_member(upb_json_parser *p) { p->top->f = NULL; }

static bool parser_putbool(upb_json_parser *p, bool val) {
  if (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) != UPB_TYPE_BOOL) {
    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
                       "Boolean value specified for non-bool field: %s",
                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
    return false;
  }

  bool ok = upb_sink_putbool(&p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(ok, ok);
  return true;
}

static void start_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
  p->text_begin = ptr;
}

static const signed char b64table[] = {
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      62/*+*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      63/*/ */,
  52/*0*/, 53/*1*/, 54/*2*/, 55/*3*/, 56/*4*/, 57/*5*/, 58/*6*/, 59/*7*/,
  60/*8*/, 61/*9*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,       0/*A*/,  1/*B*/,  2/*C*/,  3/*D*/,  4/*E*/,  5/*F*/,  6/*G*/,
  07/*H*/,  8/*I*/,  9/*J*/, 10/*K*/, 11/*L*/, 12/*M*/, 13/*N*/, 14/*O*/,
  15/*P*/, 16/*Q*/, 17/*R*/, 18/*S*/, 19/*T*/, 20/*U*/, 21/*V*/, 22/*W*/,
  23/*X*/, 24/*Y*/, 25/*Z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      26/*a*/, 27/*b*/, 28/*c*/, 29/*d*/, 30/*e*/, 31/*f*/, 32/*g*/,
  33/*h*/, 34/*i*/, 35/*j*/, 36/*k*/, 37/*l*/, 38/*m*/, 39/*n*/, 40/*o*/,
  41/*p*/, 42/*q*/, 43/*r*/, 44/*s*/, 45/*t*/, 46/*u*/, 47/*v*/, 48/*w*/,
  49/*x*/, 50/*y*/, 51/*z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1
};

// Returns the table value sign-extended to 32 bits.  Knowing that the upper
// bits will be 1 for unrecognized characters makes it easier to check for
// this error condition later (see below).
int32_t b64lookup(unsigned char ch) { return b64table[ch]; }

// Returns true if the given character is not a valid base64 character or
// padding.
bool nonbase64(unsigned char ch) { return b64lookup(ch) == -1 && ch != '='; }

static bool base64_push(upb_json_parser *p, upb_selector_t sel, const char *ptr,
                        size_t len) {
  const char *limit = ptr + len;
  for (; ptr < limit; ptr += 4) {
    if (limit - ptr < 4) {
      upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
                         "Base64 input for bytes field not a multiple of 4: %s",
                         upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
      return false;
    }

    uint32_t val = b64lookup(ptr[0]) << 18 |
                   b64lookup(ptr[1]) << 12 |
                   b64lookup(ptr[2]) << 6  |
                   b64lookup(ptr[3]);

    // Test the upper bit; returns true if any of the characters returned -1.
    if (val & 0x80000000) {
      goto otherchar;
    }

    char output[3];
    output[0] = val >> 16;
    output[1] = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
    output[2] = val & 0xff;
    upb_sink_putstring(&p->top->sink, sel, output, 3, NULL);
  }
  return true;

otherchar:
  if (nonbase64(ptr[0]) || nonbase64(ptr[1]) || nonbase64(ptr[2]) ||
      nonbase64(ptr[3]) ) {
    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
                       "Non-base64 characters in bytes field: %s",
                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
    return false;
  } if (ptr[2] == '=') {
    // Last group contains only two input bytes, one output byte.
    if (ptr[0] == '=' || ptr[1] == '=' || ptr[3] != '=') {
      goto badpadding;
    }

    uint32_t val = b64lookup(ptr[0]) << 18 |
                   b64lookup(ptr[1]) << 12;

    assert(!(val & 0x80000000));
    char output = val >> 16;
    upb_sink_putstring(&p->top->sink, sel, &output, 1, NULL);
    return true;
  } else {
    // Last group contains only three input bytes, two output bytes.
    if (ptr[0] == '=' || ptr[1] == '=' || ptr[2] == '=') {
      goto badpadding;
    }

    uint32_t val = b64lookup(ptr[0]) << 18 |
                   b64lookup(ptr[1]) << 12 |
                   b64lookup(ptr[2]) << 6;

    char output[2];
    output[0] = val >> 16;
    output[1] = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
    upb_sink_putstring(&p->top->sink, sel, output, 2, NULL);
    return true;
  }

badpadding:
  upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
                     "Incorrect base64 padding for field: %s (%.*s)",
                     upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f),
                     4, ptr);
  return false;
}

static bool end_text(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr, bool is_num) {
  assert(!p->accumulated);  // TODO: handle this case.
  p->accumulated = p->text_begin;
  p->accumulated_len = ptr - p->text_begin;

  if (p->top->f && upb_fielddef_isstring(p->top->f)) {
    // This is a string field (as opposed to a member name).
    upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
    if (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) == UPB_TYPE_BYTES) {
      PARSER_CHECK_RETURN(base64_push(p, sel, p->accumulated,
                                      p->accumulated_len));
    } else {
      upb_sink_putstring(&p->top->sink, sel, p->accumulated, p->accumulated_len, NULL);
    }
    p->accumulated = NULL;
  } else if (p->top->f &&
             upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM &&
             !is_num) {

    // Enum case: resolve enum symbolic name to integer value.
    const upb_enumdef *enumdef =
        (const upb_enumdef*)upb_fielddef_subdef(p->top->f);

    int32_t int_val = 0;
    if (upb_enumdef_ntoi(enumdef, p->accumulated, p->accumulated_len,
                         &int_val)) {
      upb_selector_t sel = parser_getsel(p);
      upb_sink_putint32(&p->top->sink, sel, int_val);
    } else {
      upb_status_seterrmsg(p->status, "Enum value name unknown");
      return false;
    }
    p->accumulated = NULL;
  }

  return true;
}

static bool start_stringval(upb_json_parser *p) {
  assert(p->top->f);

  if (upb_fielddef_isstring(p->top->f)) {
    if (!check_stack(p)) return false;

    // Start a new parser frame: parser frames correspond one-to-one with
    // handler frames, and string events occur in a sub-frame.
    upb_jsonparser_frame *inner = p->top + 1;
    upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STARTSTR);
    upb_sink_startstr(&p->top->sink, sel, 0, &inner->sink);
    inner->m = p->top->m;
    inner->f = p->top->f;
    p->top = inner;

    return true;
  } else if (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f) == UPB_TYPE_ENUM) {
    // Do nothing -- symbolic enum names in quotes remain in the
    // current parser frame.
    return true;
  } else {
    upb_status_seterrf(p->status,
                       "String specified for non-string/non-enum field: %s",
                       upb_fielddef_name(p->top->f));
    return false;
  }

}

static void end_stringval(upb_json_parser *p) {
  if (upb_fielddef_isstring(p->top->f)) {
    upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_ENDSTR);
    upb_sink_endstr(&p->top->sink, sel);
    p->top--;
  }
}

static void start_number(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
  start_text(p, ptr);
  assert(p->accumulated == NULL);
}

static void end_number(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
  end_text(p, ptr, true);
  const char *myend = p->accumulated + p->accumulated_len;
  char *end;

  switch (upb_fielddef_type(p->top->f)) {
    case UPB_TYPE_ENUM:
    case UPB_TYPE_INT32: {
      long val = strtol(p->accumulated, &end, 0);
      if (val > INT32_MAX || val < INT32_MIN || errno == ERANGE || end != myend)
        assert(false);
      else
        upb_sink_putint32(&p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_INT64: {
      long long val = strtoll(p->accumulated, &end, 0);
      if (val > INT64_MAX || val < INT64_MIN || errno == ERANGE || end != myend)
        assert(false);
      else
        upb_sink_putint64(&p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT32: {
      unsigned long val = strtoul(p->accumulated, &end, 0);
      if (val > UINT32_MAX || errno == ERANGE || end != myend)
        assert(false);
      else
        upb_sink_putuint32(&p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64: {
      unsigned long long val = strtoull(p->accumulated, &end, 0);
      if (val > UINT64_MAX || errno == ERANGE || end != myend)
        assert(false);
      else
        upb_sink_putuint64(&p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
      double val = strtod(p->accumulated, &end);
      if (errno == ERANGE || end != myend)
        assert(false);
      else
        upb_sink_putdouble(&p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
      break;
    }
    case UPB_TYPE_FLOAT: {
      float val = strtof(p->accumulated, &end);
      if (errno == ERANGE || end != myend)
        assert(false);
      else
        upb_sink_putfloat(&p->top->sink, parser_getsel(p), val);
      break;
    }
    default:
      assert(false);
  }

  p->accumulated = NULL;
}

static char escape_char(char in) {
  switch (in) {
    case 'r': return '\r';
    case 't': return '\t';
    case 'n': return '\n';
    case 'f': return '\f';
    case 'b': return '\b';
    case '/': return '/';
    case '"': return '"';
    case '\\': return '\\';
    default:
      assert(0);
      return 'x';
  }
}

static void escape(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
  char ch = escape_char(*ptr);
  upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
  upb_sink_putstring(&p->top->sink, sel, &ch, 1, NULL);
}

static uint8_t hexdigit(char ch) {
  if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
    return ch - '0';
  } else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f') {
    return ch - 'a' + 10;
  } else {
    assert(ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F');
    return ch - 'A' + 10;
  }
}

static void start_hex(upb_json_parser *p, const char *ptr) {
  start_text(p, ptr);
}

static void hex(upb_json_parser *p, const char *end) {
  const char *start = p->text_begin;
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(end, end - start == 4);
  uint16_t codepoint =
      (hexdigit(start[0]) << 12) |
      (hexdigit(start[1]) << 8) |
      (hexdigit(start[2]) << 4) |
      hexdigit(start[3]);
  // emit the codepoint as UTF-8.
  char utf8[3]; // support \u0000 -- \uFFFF -- need only three bytes.
  int length = 0;
  if (codepoint <= 0x7F) {
    utf8[0] = codepoint;
    length = 1;
  } else if (codepoint <= 0x07FF) {
    utf8[1] = (codepoint & 0x3F) | 0x80;
    codepoint >>= 6;
    utf8[0] = (codepoint & 0x1F) | 0xC0;
    length = 2;
  } else /* codepoint <= 0xFFFF */ {
    utf8[2] = (codepoint & 0x3F) | 0x80;
    codepoint >>= 6;
    utf8[1] = (codepoint & 0x3F) | 0x80;
    codepoint >>= 6;
    utf8[0] = (codepoint & 0x0F) | 0xE0;
    length = 3;
  }
  // TODO(haberman): Handle high surrogates: if codepoint is a high surrogate
  // we have to wait for the next escape to get the full code point).

  upb_selector_t sel = getsel_for_handlertype(p, UPB_HANDLER_STRING);
  upb_sink_putstring(&p->top->sink, sel, utf8, length, NULL);
}

#define CHECK_RETURN_TOP(x) if (!(x)) goto error

// What follows is the Ragel parser itself.  The language is specified in Ragel
// and the actions call our C functions above.

#line 596 "upb/json/parser.rl"



#line 514 "upb/json/parser.c"
static const char _json_actions[] = {
	0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 
	4, 1, 5, 1, 6, 1, 7, 1, 
	9, 1, 11, 1, 12, 1, 13, 1, 
	14, 1, 15, 1, 16, 1, 24, 1, 
	26, 2, 3, 7, 2, 5, 2, 2, 
	5, 7, 2, 10, 8, 2, 12, 14, 
	2, 13, 14, 2, 17, 1, 2, 18, 
	26, 2, 19, 8, 2, 20, 26, 2, 
	21, 26, 2, 22, 26, 2, 23, 26, 
	2, 25, 26, 3, 13, 10, 8
};

static const unsigned char _json_key_offsets[] = {
	0, 0, 4, 9, 14, 18, 22, 27, 
	32, 37, 41, 45, 48, 51, 53, 57, 
	61, 63, 65, 70, 72, 74, 83, 89, 
	95, 101, 107, 109, 118, 118, 118, 123, 
	128, 133, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 137, 
	138, 139, 140, 140, 141, 142, 143, 143, 
	148, 153, 157, 161, 166, 171, 176, 180, 
	180, 183, 183, 183
};

static const char _json_trans_keys[] = {
	32, 123, 9, 13, 32, 34, 125, 9, 
	13, 32, 34, 125, 9, 13, 32, 58, 
	9, 13, 32, 58, 9, 13, 32, 93, 
	125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 125, 9, 13, 
	32, 44, 125, 9, 13, 32, 34, 9, 
	13, 45, 48, 49, 57, 48, 49, 57, 
	46, 69, 101, 48, 57, 69, 101, 48, 
	57, 43, 45, 48, 57, 48, 57, 48, 
	57, 46, 69, 101, 48, 57, 34, 92, 
	34, 92, 34, 47, 92, 98, 102, 110, 
	114, 116, 117, 48, 57, 65, 70, 97, 
	102, 48, 57, 65, 70, 97, 102, 48, 
	57, 65, 70, 97, 102, 48, 57, 65, 
	70, 97, 102, 34, 92, 34, 45, 91, 
	102, 110, 116, 123, 48, 57, 32, 93, 
	125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 93, 9, 13, 
	32, 93, 125, 9, 13, 97, 108, 115, 
	101, 117, 108, 108, 114, 117, 101, 32, 
	34, 125, 9, 13, 32, 34, 125, 9, 
	13, 32, 58, 9, 13, 32, 58, 9, 
	13, 32, 93, 125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 
	125, 9, 13, 32, 44, 125, 9, 13, 
	32, 34, 9, 13, 32, 9, 13, 0
};

static const char _json_single_lengths[] = {
	0, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 
	3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 2, 
	0, 0, 3, 2, 2, 9, 0, 0, 
	0, 0, 2, 7, 0, 0, 3, 3, 
	3, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 
	1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, 
	3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 0, 
	1, 0, 0, 0
};

static const char _json_range_lengths[] = {
	0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
	1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 
	1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 
	3, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 
	1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 
	1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 
	1, 0, 0, 0
};

static const short _json_index_offsets[] = {
	0, 0, 4, 9, 14, 18, 22, 27, 
	32, 37, 41, 45, 48, 52, 54, 58, 
	62, 64, 66, 71, 74, 77, 87, 91, 
	95, 99, 103, 106, 115, 116, 117, 122, 
	127, 132, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 142, 
	144, 146, 148, 149, 151, 153, 155, 156, 
	161, 166, 170, 174, 179, 184, 189, 193, 
	194, 197, 198, 199
};

static const char _json_indicies[] = {
	0, 2, 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 3, 
	1, 6, 7, 8, 6, 1, 9, 10, 
	9, 1, 11, 12, 11, 1, 12, 1, 
	1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 14, 1, 
	17, 18, 8, 17, 1, 18, 7, 18, 
	1, 19, 20, 21, 1, 20, 21, 1, 
	23, 24, 24, 22, 25, 1, 24, 24, 
	25, 22, 26, 26, 27, 1, 27, 1, 
	27, 22, 23, 24, 24, 21, 22, 29, 
	30, 28, 32, 33, 31, 34, 34, 34, 
	34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 35, 1, 36, 
	36, 36, 1, 37, 37, 37, 1, 38, 
	38, 38, 1, 39, 39, 39, 1, 41, 
	42, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 
	49, 44, 1, 50, 51, 53, 54, 1, 
	53, 52, 55, 56, 54, 55, 1, 56, 
	1, 1, 56, 52, 57, 58, 1, 59, 
	1, 60, 1, 61, 1, 62, 63, 1, 
	64, 1, 65, 1, 66, 67, 1, 68, 
	1, 69, 1, 70, 71, 72, 73, 71, 
	1, 74, 75, 76, 74, 1, 77, 78, 
	77, 1, 79, 80, 79, 1, 80, 1, 
	1, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 82, 1, 
	85, 86, 76, 85, 1, 86, 75, 86, 
	1, 87, 88, 88, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
	0
};

static const char _json_trans_targs[] = {
	1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 56, 3, 4, 
	56, 5, 6, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 
	56, 8, 9, 11, 12, 18, 57, 13, 
	15, 14, 16, 17, 20, 58, 21, 20, 
	58, 21, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 
	20, 58, 21, 28, 29, 30, 34, 39, 
	43, 47, 59, 59, 31, 30, 33, 31, 
	32, 59, 35, 36, 37, 38, 59, 40, 
	41, 42, 59, 44, 45, 46, 59, 48, 
	49, 55, 48, 49, 55, 50, 51, 50, 
	51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 53, 54, 59, 
	56
};

static const char _json_trans_actions[] = {
	0, 0, 0, 21, 75, 48, 0, 42, 
	23, 17, 17, 0, 0, 15, 19, 19, 
	45, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 
	0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 13, 0, 0, 
	33, 5, 11, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 
	36, 39, 9, 57, 51, 25, 0, 0, 
	0, 29, 60, 54, 15, 0, 27, 0, 
	0, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 0, 
	0, 0, 69, 0, 0, 0, 63, 21, 
	75, 48, 0, 42, 23, 17, 17, 0, 
	0, 15, 19, 19, 45, 0, 0, 72, 
	0
};

static const int json_start = 1;
static const int json_first_final = 56;
static const int json_error = 0;

static const int json_en_number_machine = 10;
static const int json_en_string_machine = 19;
static const int json_en_value_machine = 27;
static const int json_en_main = 1;


#line 599 "upb/json/parser.rl"

size_t parse(void *closure, const void *hd, const char *buf, size_t size,
             const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_json_parser *parser = closure;

  // Variables used by Ragel's generated code.
  int cs = parser->current_state;
  int *stack = parser->parser_stack;
  int top = parser->parser_top;

  const char *p = buf;
  const char *pe = buf + size;

  
#line 684 "upb/json/parser.c"
	{
	int _klen;
	unsigned int _trans;
	const char *_acts;
	unsigned int _nacts;
	const char *_keys;

	if ( p == pe )
		goto _test_eof;
	if ( cs == 0 )
		goto _out;
_resume:
	_keys = _json_trans_keys + _json_key_offsets[cs];
	_trans = _json_index_offsets[cs];

	_klen = _json_single_lengths[cs];
	if ( _klen > 0 ) {
		const char *_lower = _keys;
		const char *_mid;
		const char *_upper = _keys + _klen - 1;
		while (1) {
			if ( _upper < _lower )
				break;

			_mid = _lower + ((_upper-_lower) >> 1);
			if ( (*p) < *_mid )
				_upper = _mid - 1;
			else if ( (*p) > *_mid )
				_lower = _mid + 1;
			else {
				_trans += (unsigned int)(_mid - _keys);
				goto _match;
			}
		}
		_keys += _klen;
		_trans += _klen;
	}

	_klen = _json_range_lengths[cs];
	if ( _klen > 0 ) {
		const char *_lower = _keys;
		const char *_mid;
		const char *_upper = _keys + (_klen<<1) - 2;
		while (1) {
			if ( _upper < _lower )
				break;

			_mid = _lower + (((_upper-_lower) >> 1) & ~1);
			if ( (*p) < _mid[0] )
				_upper = _mid - 2;
			else if ( (*p) > _mid[1] )
				_lower = _mid + 2;
			else {
				_trans += (unsigned int)((_mid - _keys)>>1);
				goto _match;
			}
		}
		_trans += _klen;
	}

_match:
	_trans = _json_indicies[_trans];
	cs = _json_trans_targs[_trans];

	if ( _json_trans_actions[_trans] == 0 )
		goto _again;

	_acts = _json_actions + _json_trans_actions[_trans];
	_nacts = (unsigned int) *_acts++;
	while ( _nacts-- > 0 )
	{
		switch ( *_acts++ )
		{
	case 0:
#line 517 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
	break;
	case 1:
#line 518 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ p--; {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 10; goto _again;} }
	break;
	case 2:
#line 522 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ start_text(parser, p); }
	break;
	case 3:
#line 523 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_text(parser, p, false)); }
	break;
	case 4:
#line 529 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ start_hex(parser, p); }
	break;
	case 5:
#line 530 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ hex(parser, p); }
	break;
	case 6:
#line 536 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ escape(parser, p); }
	break;
	case 7:
#line 539 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
	break;
	case 8:
#line 540 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 19; goto _again;} }
	break;
	case 9:
#line 542 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ p--; {stack[top++] = cs; cs = 27; goto _again;} }
	break;
	case 10:
#line 547 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ start_member(parser); }
	break;
	case 11:
#line 548 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(end_member(parser)); }
	break;
	case 12:
#line 551 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ clear_member(parser); }
	break;
	case 13:
#line 557 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ start_object(parser); }
	break;
	case 14:
#line 560 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ end_object(parser); }
	break;
	case 15:
#line 566 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_array(parser)); }
	break;
	case 16:
#line 570 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ end_array(parser); }
	break;
	case 17:
#line 575 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ start_number(parser, p); }
	break;
	case 18:
#line 576 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ end_number(parser, p); }
	break;
	case 19:
#line 578 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_stringval(parser)); }
	break;
	case 20:
#line 579 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ end_stringval(parser); }
	break;
	case 21:
#line 581 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(parser_putbool(parser, true)); }
	break;
	case 22:
#line 583 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(parser_putbool(parser, false)); }
	break;
	case 23:
#line 585 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ /* null value */ }
	break;
	case 24:
#line 587 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ CHECK_RETURN_TOP(start_subobject(parser)); }
	break;
	case 25:
#line 588 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ end_subobject(parser); }
	break;
	case 26:
#line 593 "upb/json/parser.rl"
	{ p--; {cs = stack[--top]; goto _again;} }
	break;
#line 866 "upb/json/parser.c"
		}
	}

_again:
	if ( cs == 0 )
		goto _out;
	if ( ++p != pe )
		goto _resume;
	_test_eof: {}
	_out: {}
	}

#line 615 "upb/json/parser.rl"

  if (p != pe) {
    upb_status_seterrf(parser->status, "Parse error at %s\n", p);
  }

error:
  // Save parsing state back to parser.
  parser->current_state = cs;
  parser->parser_top = top;

  return p - buf;
}

bool end(void *closure, const void *hd) {
  UPB_UNUSED(closure);
  UPB_UNUSED(hd);
  return true;
}

void upb_json_parser_init(upb_json_parser *p, upb_status *status) {
  p->limit = p->stack + UPB_JSON_MAX_DEPTH;
  upb_byteshandler_init(&p->input_handler_);
  upb_byteshandler_setstring(&p->input_handler_, parse, NULL);
  upb_byteshandler_setendstr(&p->input_handler_, end, NULL);
  upb_bytessink_reset(&p->input_, &p->input_handler_, p);
  p->status = status;
}

void upb_json_parser_uninit(upb_json_parser *p) {
  upb_byteshandler_uninit(&p->input_handler_);
}

void upb_json_parser_reset(upb_json_parser *p) {
  p->top = p->stack;
  p->top->f = NULL;

  int cs;
  int top;
  // Emit Ragel initialization of the parser.
  
#line 920 "upb/json/parser.c"
	{
	cs = json_start;
	top = 0;
	}

#line 655 "upb/json/parser.rl"
  p->current_state = cs;
  p->parser_top = top;
  p->text_begin = NULL;
  p->accumulated = NULL;
  p->accumulated_len = 0;
}

void upb_json_parser_resetoutput(upb_json_parser *p, upb_sink *sink) {
  upb_json_parser_reset(p);
  upb_sink_reset(&p->top->sink, sink->handlers, sink->closure);
  p->top->m = upb_handlers_msgdef(sink->handlers);
  p->accumulated = NULL;
}

upb_bytessink *upb_json_parser_input(upb_json_parser *p) {
  return &p->input_;
}
/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014 Google Inc.  See LICENSE for details.
 * Author: Josh Haberman <jhaberman@gmail.com>
 *
 * This currently uses snprintf() to format primitives, and could be optimized
 * further.
 */


#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>

// StringPiece; a pointer plus a length.
typedef struct {
  const char *ptr;
  size_t len;
} strpc;

strpc *newstrpc(upb_handlers *h, const upb_fielddef *f) {
  strpc *ret = malloc(sizeof(*ret));
  ret->ptr = upb_fielddef_name(f);
  ret->len = strlen(ret->ptr);
  upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, ret, free);
  return ret;
}

// ------------ JSON string printing: values, maps, arrays --------------------

static void print_data(
    upb_json_printer *p, const char *buf, unsigned int len) {
  // TODO: Will need to change if we support pushback from the sink.
  size_t n = upb_bytessink_putbuf(p->output_, p->subc_, buf, len, NULL);
  UPB_ASSERT_VAR(n, n == len);
}

static void print_comma(upb_json_printer *p) {
  if (!p->first_elem_[p->depth_]) {
    print_data(p, ",", 1);
  }
  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = false;
}

// Helpers that print properly formatted elements to the JSON output stream.

// Used for escaping control chars in strings.
static const char kControlCharLimit = 0x20;

static inline bool is_json_escaped(char c) {
  // See RFC 4627.
  unsigned char uc = (unsigned char)c;
  return uc < kControlCharLimit || uc == '"' || uc == '\\';
}

static inline char* json_nice_escape(char c) {
  switch (c) {
    case '"':  return "\\\"";
    case '\\': return "\\\\";
    case '\b': return "\\b";
    case '\f': return "\\f";
    case '\n': return "\\n";
    case '\r': return "\\r";
    case '\t': return "\\t";
    default:   return NULL;
  }
}

// Write a properly escaped string chunk. The surrounding quotes are *not*
// printed; this is so that the caller has the option of emitting the string
// content in chunks.
static void putstring(upb_json_printer *p, const char *buf, unsigned int len) {
  const char* unescaped_run = NULL;
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    char c = buf[i];
    // Handle escaping.
    if (is_json_escaped(c)) {
      // Use a "nice" escape, like \n, if one exists for this character.
      const char* escape = json_nice_escape(c);
      // If we don't have a specific 'nice' escape code, use a \uXXXX-style
      // escape.
      char escape_buf[8];
      if (!escape) {
        unsigned char byte = (unsigned char)c;
        snprintf(escape_buf, sizeof(escape_buf), "\\u%04x", (int)byte);
        escape = escape_buf;
      }

      // N.B. that we assume that the input encoding is equal to the output
      // encoding (both UTF-8 for  now), so for chars >= 0x20 and != \, ", we
      // can simply pass the bytes through.

      // If there's a current run of unescaped chars, print that run first.
      if (unescaped_run) {
        print_data(p, unescaped_run, &buf[i] - unescaped_run);
        unescaped_run = NULL;
      }
      // Then print the escape code.
      print_data(p, escape, strlen(escape));
    } else {
      // Add to the current unescaped run of characters.
      if (unescaped_run == NULL) {
        unescaped_run = &buf[i];
      }
    }
  }

  // If the string ended in a run of unescaped characters, print that last run.
  if (unescaped_run) {
    print_data(p, unescaped_run, &buf[len] - unescaped_run);
  }
}

#define CHKLENGTH(x) if (!(x)) return -1;

// Helpers that format floating point values according to our custom formats.
// Right now we use %.8g and %.17g for float/double, respectively, to match
// proto2::util::JsonFormat's defaults.  May want to change this later.

static size_t fmt_double(double val, char* buf, size_t length) {
  size_t n = snprintf(buf, length, "%.17g", val);
  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
  return n;
}

static size_t fmt_float(float val, char* buf, size_t length) {
  size_t n = snprintf(buf, length, "%.8g", val);
  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
  return n;
}

static size_t fmt_bool(bool val, char* buf, size_t length) {
  size_t n = snprintf(buf, length, "%s", (val ? "true" : "false"));
  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
  return n;
}

static size_t fmt_int64(long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
  size_t n = snprintf(buf, length, "%ld", val);
  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
  return n;
}

static size_t fmt_uint64(unsigned long long val, char* buf, size_t length) {
  size_t n = snprintf(buf, length, "%llu", val);
  CHKLENGTH(n > 0 && n < length);
  return n;
}

// Print a map key given a field name. Called by scalar field handlers and by
// startseq for repeated fields.
static bool putkey(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  const strpc *key = handler_data;
  print_comma(p);
  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
  putstring(p, key->ptr, key->len);
  print_data(p, "\":", 2);
  return true;
}

#define CHKFMT(val) if ((val) == -1) return false;
#define CHK(val)    if (!(val)) return false;

#define TYPE_HANDLERS(type, fmt_func)                                        \
  static bool put##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data, type val) { \
    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
    UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);                                                \
    char data[64];                                                           \
    size_t length = fmt_func(val, data, sizeof(data));                       \
    CHKFMT(length);                                                          \
    print_data(p, data, length);                                             \
    return true;                                                             \
  }                                                                          \
  static bool scalar_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,         \
                            type val) {                                      \
    CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));                                      \
    CHK(put##type(closure, handler_data, val));                              \
    return true;                                                             \
  }                                                                          \
  static bool repeated_##type(void *closure, const void *handler_data,       \
                            type val) {                                      \
    upb_json_printer *p = closure;                                           \
    print_comma(p);                                                          \
    CHK(put##type(closure, handler_data, val));                              \
    return true;                                                             \
  }

TYPE_HANDLERS(double,   fmt_double);
TYPE_HANDLERS(float,    fmt_float);
TYPE_HANDLERS(bool,     fmt_bool);
TYPE_HANDLERS(int32_t,  fmt_int64);
TYPE_HANDLERS(uint32_t, fmt_int64);
TYPE_HANDLERS(int64_t,  fmt_int64);
TYPE_HANDLERS(uint64_t, fmt_uint64);

#undef TYPE_HANDLERS

typedef struct {
  void *keyname;
  const upb_enumdef *enumdef;
} EnumHandlerData;

static bool scalar_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                        int32_t val) {
  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  CHK(putkey(closure, hd->keyname));

  const char *symbolic_name = upb_enumdef_iton(hd->enumdef, val);
  if (symbolic_name) {
    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
    putstring(p, symbolic_name, strlen(symbolic_name));
    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
  } else {
    putint32_t(closure, NULL, val);
  }

  return true;
}

static bool repeated_enum(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                          int32_t val) {
  const EnumHandlerData *hd = handler_data;
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  print_comma(p);

  const char *symbolic_name = upb_enumdef_iton(hd->enumdef, val);
  if (symbolic_name) {
    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
    putstring(p, symbolic_name, strlen(symbolic_name));
    print_data(p, "\"", 1);
  } else {
    putint32_t(closure, NULL, val);
  }

  return true;
}

static void *scalar_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  return putkey(closure, handler_data) ? closure : UPB_BREAK;
}

static void *repeated_startsubmsg(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  print_comma(p);
  return closure;
}

static bool startmap(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  if (p->depth_++ == 0) {
    upb_bytessink_start(p->output_, 0, &p->subc_);
  }
  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
  print_data(p, "{", 1);
  return true;
}

static bool endmap(void *closure, const void *handler_data, upb_status *s) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  UPB_UNUSED(s);
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  if (--p->depth_ == 0) {
    upb_bytessink_end(p->output_);
  }
  print_data(p, "}", 1);
  return true;
}

static void *startseq(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
  p->depth_++;
  p->first_elem_[p->depth_] = true;
  print_data(p, "[", 1);
  return closure;
}

static bool endseq(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  print_data(p, "]", 1);
  p->depth_--;
  return true;
}

static size_t putstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data, const char *str,
                     size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  putstring(p, str, len);
  return len;
}

// This has to Base64 encode the bytes, because JSON has no "bytes" type.
static size_t putbytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data, const char *str,
                       size_t len, const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  UPB_UNUSED(handle);
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;

  // This is the regular base64, not the "web-safe" version.
  static const char base64[] =
      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";

  // Base64-encode.
  char data[16000];
  const char *limit = data + sizeof(data);
  const unsigned char *from = (const unsigned char*)str;
  char *to = data;
  size_t remaining = len;
  while (remaining > 2) {
    // TODO(haberman): handle encoded lengths > sizeof(data)
    UPB_ASSERT_VAR(limit, (limit - to) >= 4);

    to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
    to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (from[1] >> 4)];
    to[2] = base64[((from[1] & 0xf) << 2) | (from[2] >> 6)];
    to[3] = base64[from[2] & 0x3f];

    remaining -= 3;
    to += 4;
    from += 3;
  }

  switch (remaining) {
    case 2:
      to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
      to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (from[1] >> 4)];
      to[2] = base64[(from[1] & 0xf) << 2];
      to[3] = '=';
      to += 4;
      from += 2;
      break;
    case 1:
      to[0] = base64[from[0] >> 2];
      to[1] = base64[((from[0] & 0x3) << 4)];
      to[2] = '=';
      to[3] = '=';
      to += 4;
      from += 1;
      break;
  }

  size_t bytes = to - data;
  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
  putstring(p, data, bytes);
  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
  return len;
}

static void *scalar_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                             size_t size_hint) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
  return p;
}

static size_t scalar_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                         const char *str, size_t len,
                         const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
  return len;
}

static bool scalar_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
  return true;
}

static void *repeated_startstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                               size_t size_hint) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  UPB_UNUSED(size_hint);
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  print_comma(p);
  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
  return p;
}

static size_t repeated_str(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                           const char *str, size_t len,
                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  CHK(putstr(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
  return len;
}

static bool repeated_endstr(void *closure, const void *handler_data) {
  UPB_UNUSED(handler_data);
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  print_data(p, "\"", 1);
  return true;
}

static size_t scalar_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                           const char *str, size_t len,
                           const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  CHK(putkey(closure, handler_data));
  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
  return len;
}

static size_t repeated_bytes(void *closure, const void *handler_data,
                             const char *str, size_t len,
                             const upb_bufhandle *handle) {
  upb_json_printer *p = closure;
  print_comma(p);
  CHK(putbytes(closure, handler_data, str, len, handle));
  return len;
}

void printer_sethandlers(const void *closure, upb_handlers *h) {
  UPB_UNUSED(closure);

  upb_handlerattr empty_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INITIALIZER;
  upb_handlers_setstartmsg(h, startmap, &empty_attr);
  upb_handlers_setendmsg(h, endmap, &empty_attr);

#define TYPE(type, name, ctype)                                    \
  case type:                                                       \
    if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {                                   \
      upb_handlers_set##name(h, f, repeated_##ctype, &empty_attr); \
    } else {                                                       \
      upb_handlers_set##name(h, f, scalar_##ctype, &name_attr);    \
    }                                                              \
    break;

  upb_msg_iter i;
  upb_msg_begin(&i, upb_handlers_msgdef(h));
  for(; !upb_msg_done(&i); upb_msg_next(&i)) {
    const upb_fielddef *f = upb_msg_iter_field(&i);

    upb_handlerattr name_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INITIALIZER;
    upb_handlerattr_sethandlerdata(&name_attr, newstrpc(h, f));

    if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
      upb_handlers_setstartseq(h, f, startseq, &name_attr);
      upb_handlers_setendseq(h, f, endseq, &empty_attr);
    }

    switch (upb_fielddef_type(f)) {
      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_FLOAT,  float,  float);
      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_DOUBLE, double, double);
      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_BOOL,   bool,   bool);
      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_INT32,  int32,  int32_t);
      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_UINT32, uint32, uint32_t);
      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_INT64,  int64,  int64_t);
      TYPE(UPB_TYPE_UINT64, uint64, uint64_t);
      case UPB_TYPE_ENUM: {
        // For now, we always emit symbolic names for enums. We may want an
        // option later to control this behavior, but we will wait for a real
        // need first.
        EnumHandlerData *hd = malloc(sizeof(EnumHandlerData));
        hd->enumdef = (const upb_enumdef *)upb_fielddef_subdef(f);
        hd->keyname = newstrpc(h, f);
        upb_handlers_addcleanup(h, hd, free);
        upb_handlerattr enum_attr = UPB_HANDLERATTR_INITIALIZER;
        upb_handlerattr_sethandlerdata(&enum_attr, hd);

        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
          upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, repeated_enum, &enum_attr);
        } else {
          upb_handlers_setint32(h, f, scalar_enum, &enum_attr);
        }

        upb_handlerattr_uninit(&enum_attr);
        break;
      }
      case UPB_TYPE_STRING:
        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
          upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, repeated_startstr, &empty_attr);
          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_str, &empty_attr);
          upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, repeated_endstr, &empty_attr);
        } else {
          upb_handlers_setstartstr(h, f, scalar_startstr, &name_attr);
          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_str, &empty_attr);
          upb_handlers_setendstr(h, f, scalar_endstr, &empty_attr);
        }
        break;
      case UPB_TYPE_BYTES:
        // XXX: this doesn't support strings that span buffers yet. The base64
        // encoder will need to be made resumable for this to work properly.
        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, repeated_bytes, &empty_attr);
        } else {
          upb_handlers_setstring(h, f, scalar_bytes, &name_attr);
        }
        break;
      case UPB_TYPE_MESSAGE:
        if (upb_fielddef_isseq(f)) {
          upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, repeated_startsubmsg, &name_attr);
        } else {
          upb_handlers_setstartsubmsg(h, f, scalar_startsubmsg, &name_attr);
        }
        break;
    }

    upb_handlerattr_uninit(&name_attr);
  }

  upb_handlerattr_uninit(&empty_attr);
#undef TYPE
}

/* Public API *****************************************************************/

void upb_json_printer_init(upb_json_printer *p, const upb_handlers *h) {
  p->output_ = NULL;
  p->depth_ = 0;
  upb_sink_reset(&p->input_, h, p);
}

void upb_json_printer_uninit(upb_json_printer *p) {
  UPB_UNUSED(p);
}

void upb_json_printer_reset(upb_json_printer *p) {
  p->depth_ = 0;
}

void upb_json_printer_resetoutput(upb_json_printer *p, upb_bytessink *output) {
  upb_json_printer_reset(p);
  p->output_ = output;
}

upb_sink *upb_json_printer_input(upb_json_printer *p) {
  return &p->input_;
}

const upb_handlers *upb_json_printer_newhandlers(const upb_msgdef *md,
                                                 const void *owner) {
  return upb_handlers_newfrozen(md, owner, printer_sethandlers, NULL);
}