md_doc_unit_testing.html 12 KB

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  64. <div class="title">How to write unit tests for gRPC C client. </div> </div>
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  66. <div class="contents">
  67. <div class="textblock"><p>tl;dr: <a href="https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/test/cpp/end2end/mock_test.cc">Example code</a>.</p>
  68. <p>To unit-test client-side logic via the synchronous API, gRPC provides a mocked Stub based on googletest(googlemock) that can be programmed upon and easily incorporated in the test code.</p>
  69. <p>For instance, consider an EchoService like this:</p>
  70. <div class="fragment"><div class="line">service EchoTestService {</div>
  71. <div class="line"> rpc Echo(EchoRequest) returns (EchoResponse);</div>
  72. <div class="line"> rpc BidiStream(stream EchoRequest) returns (stream EchoResponse);</div>
  73. <div class="line">}</div>
  74. </div><!-- fragment --><p>The code generated would look something like this:</p>
  75. <div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">class </span>EchoTestService final {</div>
  76. <div class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span>:</div>
  77. <div class="line"> <span class="keyword">class </span>StubInterface {</div>
  78. <div class="line"> virtual ::grpc::Status Echo(::grpc::ClientContext* context, const ::grpc::testing::EchoRequest&amp; request, ::grpc::testing::EchoResponse* response) = 0;</div>
  79. <div class="line"> …</div>
  80. <div class="line"> std::unique_ptr&lt; ::grpc::ClientReaderWriterInterface&lt; ::grpc::testing::EchoRequest, ::grpc::testing::EchoResponse&gt;&gt; BidiStream(::grpc::ClientContext* context) {</div>
  81. <div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> std::unique_ptr&lt; ::grpc::ClientReaderWriterInterface&lt; ::grpc::testing::EchoRequest, ::grpc::testing::EchoResponse&gt;&gt;(BidiStreamRaw(context));</div>
  82. <div class="line"> }</div>
  83. <div class="line"> …</div>
  84. <div class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span>:</div>
  85. <div class="line"> virtual ::grpc::ClientReaderWriterInterface&lt; ::grpc::testing::EchoRequest, ::grpc::testing::EchoResponse&gt;* BidiStreamRaw(::grpc::ClientContext* context) = 0;</div>
  86. <div class="line"> …</div>
  87. <div class="line"> } <span class="comment">// End StubInterface</span></div>
  88. <div class="line">…</div>
  89. <div class="line">} <span class="comment">// End EchoTestService</span></div>
  90. </div><!-- fragment --><p>If we mock the StubInterface and set expectations on the pure-virtual methods we can test client-side logic without having to make any rpcs.</p>
  91. <p>A mock for this StubInterface will look like this:</p>
  92. <div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">class </span>MockEchoTestServiceStub : <span class="keyword">public</span> EchoTestService::StubInterface {</div>
  93. <div class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span>:</div>
  94. <div class="line"> MOCK_METHOD3(Echo, ::grpc::Status(::grpc::ClientContext* context, const ::grpc::testing::EchoRequest&amp; request, ::grpc::testing::EchoResponse* response));</div>
  95. <div class="line"> MOCK_METHOD1(BidiStreamRaw, ::grpc::ClientReaderWriterInterface&lt; ::grpc::testing::EchoRequest, ::grpc::testing::EchoResponse&gt;*(::grpc::ClientContext* context));</div>
  96. <div class="line">};</div>
  97. </div><!-- fragment --><p><b>Generating mock code:</b></p>
  98. <p>Such a mock can be auto-generated by:</p>
  99. <ol type="1">
  100. <li>Setting flag(generate_mock_code=true) on grpc plugin for protoc, or</li>
  101. </ol>
  102. <ol type="1">
  103. <li>Setting an attribute(generate_mocks) in your bazel rule.</li>
  104. </ol>
  105. <p>Protoc plugin flag:</p>
  106. <div class="fragment"><div class="line">protoc -I . --grpc_out=generate_mock_code=true:. --plugin=protoc-gen-grpc=`which grpc_cpp_plugin` echo.proto</div>
  107. </div><!-- fragment --><p>Bazel rule:</p>
  108. <div class="fragment"><div class="line">grpc_proto_library(</div>
  109. <div class="line"> name = <span class="stringliteral">&quot;echo_proto&quot;</span>,</div>
  110. <div class="line"> srcs = [<span class="stringliteral">&quot;echo.proto&quot;</span>],</div>
  111. <div class="line"> generate_mocks = <span class="keyword">True</span>,</div>
  112. <div class="line">)</div>
  113. </div><!-- fragment --><p>By adding such a flag now a header file <code>echo_mock.grpc.pb.h</code> containing the mocked stub will also be generated.</p>
  114. <p>This header file can then be included in test files along with a gmock dependency.</p>
  115. <p><b>Writing tests with mocked Stub.</b></p>
  116. <p>Consider the following client a user might have:</p>
  117. <div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">class </span>FakeClient {</div>
  118. <div class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span>:</div>
  119. <div class="line"> <span class="keyword">explicit</span> FakeClient(EchoTestService::StubInterface* stub) : stub_(stub) {}</div>
  120. <div class="line"> </div>
  121. <div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">void</span> DoEcho() {</div>
  122. <div class="line"> ClientContext context;</div>
  123. <div class="line"> EchoRequest request;</div>
  124. <div class="line"> EchoResponse response;</div>
  125. <div class="line"> request.set_message(<span class="stringliteral">&quot;hello world&quot;</span>);</div>
  126. <div class="line"> Status s = stub_-&gt;Echo(&amp;context, request, &amp;response);</div>
  127. <div class="line"> EXPECT_EQ(request.message(), response.message());</div>
  128. <div class="line"> EXPECT_TRUE(s.ok());</div>
  129. <div class="line"> }</div>
  130. <div class="line"> </div>
  131. <div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">void</span> DoBidiStream() {</div>
  132. <div class="line"> EchoRequest request;</div>
  133. <div class="line"> EchoResponse response;</div>
  134. <div class="line"> ClientContext context;</div>
  135. <div class="line"> std::string msg(<span class="stringliteral">&quot;hello&quot;</span>);</div>
  136. <div class="line"> </div>
  137. <div class="line"> std::unique_ptr&lt;ClientReaderWriterInterface&lt;EchoRequest, EchoResponse&gt;&gt;</div>
  138. <div class="line"> stream = stub_-&gt;BidiStream(&amp;context);</div>
  139. <div class="line"> </div>
  140. <div class="line"> request.set_message(msg <span class="stringliteral">&quot;0&quot;</span>);</div>
  141. <div class="line"> EXPECT_TRUE(stream-&gt;Write(request));</div>
  142. <div class="line"> EXPECT_TRUE(stream-&gt;Read(&amp;response));</div>
  143. <div class="line"> EXPECT_EQ(response.message(), request.message());</div>
  144. <div class="line"> </div>
  145. <div class="line"> request.set_message(msg <span class="stringliteral">&quot;1&quot;</span>);</div>
  146. <div class="line"> EXPECT_TRUE(stream-&gt;Write(request));</div>
  147. <div class="line"> EXPECT_TRUE(stream-&gt;Read(&amp;response));</div>
  148. <div class="line"> EXPECT_EQ(response.message(), request.message());</div>
  149. <div class="line"> </div>
  150. <div class="line"> request.set_message(msg <span class="stringliteral">&quot;2&quot;</span>);</div>
  151. <div class="line"> EXPECT_TRUE(stream-&gt;Write(request));</div>
  152. <div class="line"> EXPECT_TRUE(stream-&gt;Read(&amp;response));</div>
  153. <div class="line"> EXPECT_EQ(response.message(), request.message());</div>
  154. <div class="line"> </div>
  155. <div class="line"> stream-&gt;WritesDone();</div>
  156. <div class="line"> EXPECT_FALSE(stream-&gt;Read(&amp;response));</div>
  157. <div class="line"> </div>
  158. <div class="line"> Status s = stream-&gt;Finish();</div>
  159. <div class="line"> EXPECT_TRUE(s.ok());</div>
  160. <div class="line"> }</div>
  161. <div class="line"> </div>
  162. <div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">void</span> ResetStub(EchoTestService::StubInterface* stub) { stub_ = stub; }</div>
  163. <div class="line"> </div>
  164. <div class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span>:</div>
  165. <div class="line"> EchoTestService::StubInterface* stub_;</div>
  166. <div class="line">};</div>
  167. </div><!-- fragment --><p>A test could initialize this FakeClient with a mocked stub having set expectations on it:</p>
  168. <p>Unary RPC:</p>
  169. <div class="fragment"><div class="line">MockEchoTestServiceStub stub;</div>
  170. <div class="line">EchoResponse resp;</div>
  171. <div class="line">resp.set_message(<span class="stringliteral">&quot;hello world&quot;</span>);</div>
  172. <div class="line">EXPECT_CALL(stub, Echo(_,_,_)).Times(AtLeast(1)).WillOnce(DoAll(SetArgPointee&lt;2&gt;(resp), Return(Status::OK)));</div>
  173. <div class="line">FakeClient client(stub);</div>
  174. <div class="line">client.DoEcho();</div>
  175. </div><!-- fragment --><p>Streaming RPC:</p>
  176. <div class="fragment"><div class="line">ACTION_P(copy, msg) {</div>
  177. <div class="line"> arg0-&gt;set_message(msg-&gt;message());</div>
  178. <div class="line">}</div>
  179. <div class="line"> </div>
  180. <div class="line"> </div>
  181. <div class="line"><span class="keyword">auto</span> rw = <span class="keyword">new</span> MockClientReaderWriter&lt;EchoRequest, EchoResponse&gt;();</div>
  182. <div class="line">EchoRequest msg;</div>
  183. <div class="line">EXPECT_CALL(*rw, Write(_, _)).Times(3).WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SaveArg&lt;0&gt;(&amp;msg), Return(<span class="keyword">true</span>)));</div>
  184. <div class="line">EXPECT_CALL(*rw, Read(_)).</div>
  185. <div class="line"> WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg&lt;0&gt;(copy(&amp;msg)), Return(<span class="keyword">true</span>))).</div>
  186. <div class="line"> WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg&lt;0&gt;(copy(&amp;msg)), Return(<span class="keyword">true</span>))).</div>
  187. <div class="line"> WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg&lt;0&gt;(copy(&amp;msg)), Return(<span class="keyword">true</span>))).</div>
  188. <div class="line"> WillOnce(Return(<span class="keyword">false</span>));</div>
  189. <div class="line"> </div>
  190. <div class="line">MockEchoTestServiceStub stub;</div>
  191. <div class="line">EXPECT_CALL(stub, BidiStreamRaw(_)).Times(AtLeast(1)).WillOnce(Return(rw));</div>
  192. <div class="line"> </div>
  193. <div class="line">FakeClient client(stub);</div>
  194. <div class="line">client.DoBidiStream();</div>
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