|  | @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class BaseStub {
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				|  |  |        $timeout = $metadata['timeout'];
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				|  |  |        unset($metadata_copy['timeout']);
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				|  |  |      }
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				|  |  | -    return array($metadata_copy, $timeout);
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				|  |  | +    return [$metadata_copy, $timeout];
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				|  |  |    }
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |    /**
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				|  | @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class BaseStub {
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				|  |  |     * @throw InvalidArgumentException if key contains invalid characters
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				|  |  |     */
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				|  |  |    private function _validate_and_normalize_metadata($metadata) {
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				|  |  | -    $metadata_copy = array();
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				|  |  | +    $metadata_copy = [];
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				|  |  |      foreach ($metadata as $key => $value) {
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				|  |  |        if (!preg_match('/^[A-Za-z\d_-]+$/', $key)) {
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				|  |  |          throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
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				|  | @@ -189,8 +189,8 @@ class BaseStub {
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				|  |  |    public function _simpleRequest($method,
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				|  |  |                                   $argument,
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				|  |  |                                   callable $deserialize,
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				|  |  | -                                 $metadata = array(),
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				|  |  | -                                 $options = array()) {
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				|  |  | +                                 $metadata = [],
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				|  |  | +                                 $options = []) {
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				|  |  |      list($actual_metadata, $timeout)  = $this->_extract_timeout_from_metadata($metadata);
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				|  |  |      $call = new UnaryCall($this->channel, $method, $deserialize, $timeout);
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				|  |  |      $jwt_aud_uri = $this->_get_jwt_aud_uri($method);
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				|  | @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class BaseStub {
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				|  |  |     */
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				|  |  |    public function _clientStreamRequest($method,
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				|  |  |                                         callable $deserialize,
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				|  |  | -                                       $metadata = array()) {
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				|  |  | +                                       $metadata = []) {
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				|  |  |      list($actual_metadata, $timeout)  = $this->_extract_timeout_from_metadata($metadata);
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				|  |  |      $call = new ClientStreamingCall($this->channel, $method, $deserialize, $timeout);
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				|  |  |      $jwt_aud_uri = $this->_get_jwt_aud_uri($method);
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				|  | @@ -244,8 +244,8 @@ class BaseStub {
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				|  |  |    public function _serverStreamRequest($method,
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				|  |  |                                         $argument,
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				|  |  |                                         callable $deserialize,
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				|  |  | -                                       $metadata = array(),
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				|  |  | -                                       $options = array()) {
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				|  |  | +                                       $metadata = [],
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				|  |  | +                                       $options = []) {
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				|  |  |      list($actual_metadata, $timeout)  = $this->_extract_timeout_from_metadata($metadata);
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				|  |  |      $call = new ServerStreamingCall($this->channel, $method, $deserialize, $timeout);
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				|  |  |      $jwt_aud_uri = $this->_get_jwt_aud_uri($method);
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				|  | @@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class BaseStub {
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				|  |  |     */
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				|  |  |    public function _bidiRequest($method,
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				|  |  |                                 callable $deserialize,
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				|  |  | -                               $metadata = array()) {
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				|  |  | +                               $metadata = []) {
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				|  |  |      list($actual_metadata, $timeout)  = $this->_extract_timeout_from_metadata($metadata);
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				|  |  |      $call = new BidiStreamingCall($this->channel, $method, $deserialize, $timeout);
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				|  |  |      $jwt_aud_uri = $this->_get_jwt_aud_uri($method);
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